Women's Sport Participation in Korea, 1985-1997
저자
Kwon, Yoon-Bang (Seoul National University) ; Koh, Eun-Ha (Seoul National University)
발행기관
한국체육무용국제교류학회(Korean Council for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, Sport and Dance)
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1999
작성언어
English
KDC
685.000
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
7-19(13쪽)
제공처
After the '88 Seoul Olympics, the economic development and improvements in the quality of life, a wider access to various opportunities in life, pluralism, mass socialization and globalization, regarding the changes in the Korean society, has increased the public's interest and demand of sports, and through it, has given it the chance to improve both the quality and quantity of Korean sports. With this, the main focus of Korea's sport policy has also changed from professional sports, which mainly supports superior athletes, to sport-for-all which guarantees a positive and free participation of all people. As a result, Korea's sport-for-all has achieved striking developments, especially in terms of women's sport participation, and these aspects. we have already reviewed in our study of Korean's participation in sports from 1985 to 1997.
First, quantity-wise, we have seen a regular increase of women engaging in sports for at least 2 to 3 times per week. From 1985 to 1989 we have seen an increase of 12.4% to 18.3#, in 1991 29.5%, 1994 27.0%, and in 1997 a 30.0% increase. For a certain period, women's participation in sports has shown a rapid growth, due to the government's sports promotion policy, but as they fulfilled their needs for participation, a temporary sluggishness settled in, which explains the sudden sluggishness in 1997.
The increased rate in the frequency of participation is sluggish, but the percentage of respondents, who did not participate in any activities has dramatically lessened from 81.4% in 1985 to 46.7% in 1997. Also, participants who engage in sports once a week or once a month are potentially positive participators in sports, and thus, through publicity and by offering assistance and benefits, whose participation frequency could be increased. But still, as of 1997, the rate of non-exercising women, amounted to nearly half the whole female population. This is the rate of non-exercising women, amounted to nearly half the whole female population. This is due to the fact that women have relatively fewer opportunities to participate in sports and fewer sports programs than men. Especially, career women, who are burdened with work both in the workplace and at home, have no time and peace of mind to spare. Thus, in promoting the nation's sports policy, the matter of women's participation should be dealt with first, specifically the development and popularization of programs exclusively for women, expanding child care facilities, motivating family sports and promoting female students activities in school sports curriculum.
On the other hand, quality-wise, the increase in sports participation, can be witnessed in the rapid increase of time spent in sports. For instance, the number of women exercising 30 minutes less or 30 minutes to an hour, is gradually decreasing, but women who exercise 1-2 hours and more than 2 hours are increasing. The number of respondents exercising for 1-2 hours, has increased 3 fold from 19.0%in 1985 to 72.1% in 1997. This represents how Korean sports has changed its direction focussing on qualitative aspects of quantitative aspects.
In conclusion, Korean sports have gradually become a matter of national interest since the late 80s, and throughout the 90s began to grow both quantitatively and qualitatively, and for the first time, enabled us to open up to a new era of national sports. But in 1997, the final year of "5-year plan for the promotion of national sport activities" as well as the year when the economic crises has led a series of financial contractions in the various parts of society, sport-for-all which has until then been showing annual growth, entered a period of dormancy, gradually coming to a halt. Therefore, to overcome this sluggishness, the need for a reform plan of a national level should be sought. With this in mind we hope that this report, instead of remaining as a mere research paper, fulfills its purpose as a study used as a basic material in establishing and carrying out the sports promotion policy for the 21st cintury.
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