외기 온도와 난방 출력의 철도차량 객실 온도에 대한 영향 연구

국문 초록 (Abstract)

최근 기후변화와 기상이변 등으로 동절기에 더욱 가혹한 기상 조건이 자주 보고되고 있다. 그러나, 철도차량의 난방 용량은 이렇게 극도로 추운 기후환경에서는 객실을 난방하기에 충분하지 않은 경우가 많으며, 이는 난방에 대한 승객의 민원 을 야기하는 주요 원인이 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 외기 온도와 난방 출력이 객실 온도에 미치는 영향을 알아봄으로써 차량 의 난방용량에 따른 운행 가능한 외기온도를 실험적으로 도출하고자 하였다. 실험방법으로는 우선 시험용 철도차량을 대형 기후환경 챔버에 넣고, 다양한 외기온도조건을 모사하였다. 난방 장치 출력의 영향은 난방 장치의 출력을 변화시키면서 객실 의 온도를 측정하여 조사하였다. 외기온도가 -10 ℃인 조건에서는 난방기의 출력을 최대로 한 경우에도 객실의 평균 온도는 14.0 ℃에 불과하여, 동절기의 객실온도 최소 요구조건인 18 ℃보다 훨씬 낮았으나, 외기 온도가 0 ℃와 10 ℃인 경우의 객실 온도는 각각 26.1 ℃와 34.0 ℃였다. 내삽법으로 계산한 결과 객실 내부 온도를 18 ℃ 이상으로 유지할 수 있는 최저 외기온도 는 ?6.7 ℃임을 알 수 있었다. 객실 내부에서의 수직 온도 차이는 난방기 출력이 높을수록, 외기온도가 높을수록 커서 10 K 이상 차이가 나는 경우도 있었다. 그러나, 수평 온도 차이는 난방기 출력이나 외기온도에 무관하게 최대 2 K 이하로 매우 낮게 나타났다. 따라서, 우수한 난방성능을 확보하기 위해서는 수직 온도 차이를 줄이는 것이 중요함을 알 수 있었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Recently, abnormally cold weather has been reported more frequently in winter due to the climate change and abnormal weather changes. On the other hand, the heating capacity of a railcar may be not enough to warm the cabin under severe cold climatic conditions, which is one of the reasons for the passengers’ complaints about heating. In this study, the effects of ambient temperature and heater power on the cabin temperature was investigated to obtain the minimum ambient temperature for the tested railcar. The test railcar was placed in a large-climatic chamber, and various ambient temperature conditions were simulated. The effects of the heater output were investigated by monitoring the cabin temperature under a range of heater output conditions. The mean cabin temperature was 14.0 ℃, which was far lower than the required minimum temperature of 18 ℃, under a ?10 ℃ ambient temperature condition with the maximum heat power. When the ambient temperature was set to 0 ℃ and 10 ℃, the maximum achievable cabin temperature was 26.1 ℃ and 34.0 ℃. Through calculations using the interpolation method, the minimum ambient temperature to maintain an 18 ℃ cabin temperature was ?6.7 ℃ for this car. The vertical temperature difference was higher with a higher power output and higher ambient temperature. The maximum vertical temperature difference was higher than 10 °C in some cases. However, the horizontal temperature difference vs. low temperature (< 2 °C) was independent of the power output and ambient temperature. As a result, it is very important to reduce the vertical temperature difference to achieve good heating performance.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 박덕신, "철도 전동차내의 쾌적성 평가에 관한 연구- 온도 및 습도를 중심으로 -" 한국철도학회 6 (6): 41-48, 2003
• 2 조영민, "난방기 출력에 따른 철도차량 객실 내부 온도 분포 분석" 한국철도학회 15 (15): 558-565, 2012
• 3 Hyundai-Rotem Co., "Turkey Marmaray EMU (440)Climate Room Test Procedure" 1-21, 2010
• 4 Rotem-Hanwha Consortium, "Test Procedure of Performance Test of HVAC of Athens Metro" 1-44, 2011
• 5 Southern California Regional Rail Authorit, "Technical Specification Requirement, Contract No. EP142-06, Section 17 Testing and Analysis"
• 6 Y. Cho, "Study on the Effect of Ambient Temperature on Cabin Temperature Change during Car Heating Mode" 469-474, 2012
• 7 Y. Cho, "Study on the Cooling Performance Testing of Newly Manufactured Car Using Real-Scale Climatic Chamber for Passenger Car" 475-480, 2012
• 8 European Committee for Standardization, "Railway applications-Air conditioning for Main Line Rolling Stock - Part 2: Type tests"
• 9 European Committee for Standardization, "Railway applications-Air conditioning for Main Line Rolling Stock - Part 1: Comfort Parameters"
• 10 European Committee for Standardization, "Railway Applications-Air Conditioning for Urban and Suburban Rolling Stock- Part 2: Type Tests"
• 11 European Committee for Standardization, "Railway Applications-Air Conditioning for Urban and Suburban Rolling Stock - Part 2: Type tests" BS EN 14750-2:2006 2006
• 12 European Committee for Standardization, "Railway Applications-Air Conditioning for Urban and Suburban Rolling Stock - Part 1: Comfort Parameters"
• 13 European Committee for Standardization, "Railway Applications-Air Conditioning for Driving Cabs - Part 1:Comfort Parameters"
• 14 Hyundai-Rotem Co., "Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority Bi-level Coach Climate Room Test Procedure" 1-38, 2011
• 15 International Union of Railways, "Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning in Coaches – Standard Tests" 2005
• 16 International Union of Railways, "Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning in Coaches" 2004
• 17 D.-S. Park, "Evaluation of Comfortableness in Railroad Electric Rolling Stock -Focused on Temperature and Humidity" 954-961, 2002
• 18 Seoul Metro, "Analysis of Customers’ Complaints Registered to Call-center of Seoul Metro" 2012