근대 수의전문기관의 설립과정과 역사적 의미 -수출우검역소와 우역혈청제조소를 중심으로- = A Process of Development of Modern Veterinary Institutions and Its Historical Significance in Korea -Focused on A Cattle Export Station and A Rinderpest Antiserum Manufactory-

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Rinderpest had spread in Korea since its invasion from Manchuria and Siberia with which Korea made frequent trade at the end of the 19th century. As many heads of good-quality Korean cattle were sent to Japan that had stronger political and economic control over the Korean peninsula after the Sino-Japanese War, contagious livestock diseases, including rinderpest, had spread to Japan as well. Japan surrounded by the sea believed that rinderpest invaded from the Korean peninsula and dispatched the then director for the Livestock Disease Research Institute, Dr. Dokishige, to Korea. With the investigation on contagious livestock diseases concluding that rinderpest occurring in Japan had invaded from the Korean peninsula, all the cattle sent to Japan had to go through the procedure of quarantine. Consequently, the Cattle Export Quarantine Act was proclaimed on July 10, 1909, with a cattle export station under the umbrella of Dept. of Agriculture, Commerce, and Industry established in Uam-dong, Busan on August 12 the same year. Considering the importance of local quarantine, a rinderpest antiserum manufactory was established under the umbrella of the Japanese Dept. of Agriculture, Commerce, and Industry in 1911 to manufacture rinderpest antiserum to inoculate all the cattle on the borderland in efforts to block the invasion channel for rinderpest. While both the cattle export station and the rinderpest antiserum manufactory were established by Japan for the purpose of delivering good-quality Korean native cattle to its government from all over the Korean peninsula, they are the first Korean special institutes to conduct modem veterinary tasks. They offered an opportunity to introduce modem veterinary medicine to the Korean peninsula where traditional veterinarians had treated livestock diseases by a sacrificial rite or by superstitious means. In comparison of occurrence of contagious diseases among domestic livestock in the l9lOs and l930s, the quarantine efforts against contagious livestock diseases put an end to rindepest and the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and significantly reduced the other diseases, such as blackleg, anthrax, and rabies, among the five major contagious diseases that had been considered so serious before. Focusing its capacity on war preparation from 1937 on, however, Japan pushed researches on livestock diseases and quarantine aside and tried hard to secure war horses and livestock for military supplies alone. The two institutes were transferred from the Japanese Government General of Korea to the Korean government after the liberation from Japanese occupation; the Korean War led to stagnation in veterinary tasks for some time but offered another chance to introduce advanced veterinary science to Korea through assistance from all over the world. While they dealt with diseases related to cattle whose economic value was high at the early years, their tasks expanded to deal with livestock diseases; after their repeated growth through legal reforms and the positive introduction of advanced technology, they were acknowledged for international-level quarantine technology while hosting the 1986 Asian Games and the 1988 Olympic Games. The animal quarantine and livestock disease research institutes were combined in 1998 to offer high-tech veterinary service at home and abroad. Although the first modern veterinary institutes within Korea were established by the external need, now they are equipped with the globalized standard in disease control or quarantine systems and developing veterinary science with their own efforts for growth and pursue healthy animals, safe livestock products, and rich lives as well as the role of controlling animal diseases.