군집 목조 건축문화재의 '우선소방방재대상 설정모델' 연구 = (A) study on the 'first fire fighting target setting model' of crowded wooden building cultural asset
The purpose of this study was to draw fire risk and cultural asset importance calculation method, which are proper for wooden building cultural asset and suggest 'first fire fighting target setting model' in order to establish fire fighting plan proper for crowded wooden building cultural asset.
Fire fighting characteristics of 'Crowded wooden building cultural asset' are as follows.
First, for crowded wooden building cultural asset, it is important to preserve unique shape of cultural asset. Therefore, in some cases, it is not easy to cope with fire disaster spread. Related facilities and coping systems may be unfolded in different way from general building.
Second, for fire fighting system of crowded wooden building cultural asset, it is important to consider the property of fire disaster depending on roof material and the characteristic of spread to neighboring building. At this time, it is necessary to consider location condition for fire fighting system required for facility.
Third, for crowded wooden building cultural asset, it is necessary to set fire fighting priority by considering fire risk and cultural asset characteristic and establish the system to cope with fire disaster in the most effective way by arranging facilities with restricted resource.
In order to establish effective fire fighting system by considering fire fighting characteristic of crowded wooden building cultural asset, first fire fighting target setting model was established. This model means the process to prepare fire fighting general index and fire fighting general degree that are drawn by combining fire risk and cultural asset importance degree index and on the basis of that, set first fire fighting target. Fire risk is the index to draw fire and spread risk of cultural asset by applying index calculation processes such as fire load, burning velocity and ignition material spread characteristic to various aspects such as individual building and complex and combining their results. Fire risk indices are interpreted by generalizing quantitative results of each evaluation index. It is necessary to prepare 'fire risk map' to approach to the process in more cubic, visible way. The concept of cultural asset importance is the index to evaluate the value of cultural asset on the basis of individual building. It can be used as an important determination ground to set first fire fighting target of crowded wooden building cultural asset in connection with fire risk evaluation index. Cultural asset importance index consists of individual building evaluation, publicity security degree, area importance evaluation and historical landscape degree evaluation. These can be schematized through cultural asset importance map. Cultural asset importance map also has the function to review and reinforce the result drawn through numeric evaluation process.
The characteristics of first fire fighting target setting process are as follows.
First, first fire fighting target setting process is performed through 3 processes such as survey and quantification of detail index, drawing of fire fighting general index and fire fighting general degree and first fire fighting target setting through mutual comparison of each index.
Second, the base of first fire fighting target setting is fire fighting general index. Regionalization was tried by analyzing conditions such as road, water system or topography of target complex and considering advantages and disadvantages. When it is hard to apply general fire disaster measure, its reinforcement direction is reviewed and synthetic review is performed in connection with first fire fighting target setting.
Third, for each index combination process, weight of each index is drawn on the basis of AHP analysis result that is performed to the specialists of related fields. The formula to apply and combine it is prepared to apply the model to include meaning of each index and comparative importance degree.
Forth, with the map drawn in each step, it is possible to grasp spatial effect factor that can not grasped with index calculation ground. The final result will be developed to fire fighting general map.
In order to verify ‘First fire fighting target setting model’, Asan, Oeammaul was applied. As a result, it was possible to draw order of first fire fighting target setting of 71 buildings. It was possible to draw fire fighting weak area depending on conditions such as topography, road and water system by using fire fighting general degree that was prepared on the basis of the result and check development direction of model for establishing specific fire fighting measure. In addition, possibility of continual monitoring of each index was checked through periodic application of same model rather than temporary application of model.
In conclusion, it seems that 'First fire fighting target setting model' proposed by the study is effectively applicable to fire fighting system establishment process of crowded wooden building cultural asset. It is determined that detail drawing process of each index and expansion of model should be performed continuously through follow-up study.
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