A Case Study on Economic Self Reliance of the Low Income People through Self Employed Entrepreneurship : 생업자금 융자 대상자를 중심으로 with Special Reference to Loanes of Public Livelihood Funds = 저소득층의 자영 창업을 통한 자활방안에 관한 사례 연구
저자
장정순 (한국 성폭력 삼당소)
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
2001
작성언어
English
KDC
309.000
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
33-66(34쪽)
제공처
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소장기관
The public loan for livelihood has been recognized as an efficient social welfare program to overcome the poverty status of the middle aged low income people who have not acquired appropriate job skill. However, the current public loan program has been devaluated in promoting a successful economic self-reliance among the recipients of the program. It is because the program provides the cash only to the recipients without the professional intervention. It assumes that the low ratio of economic self-reliance means not only the recipients can not set up the basis of livelihood but they would have the debt followed by the failure in operating small business.
This research has been launched to find out the ways of successful operation of public loan for livelihood through reviewing the process of entrepreneurship of the loan recipients on the basis of the above mentioned.
Thus the research will highlight the successful factors of the public loan program in clarifying the characteristics of entrepreneurship and environmental factors which emphasize the characteristics of entrepreneurship. This research is composed of the following three factors basically.
First, it clarifies the common characteristics of entrepreneurship such as the opportunity, the capability of operating business and personality fits for business.
Second, it analyzes the effectiveness of environmental factors which strengthen the characteristics of entrepreneurship.
Third, it analyzes how the characteristics and environmental factors affect the success of operating business.
This research has been conducted in both ways of literature review and of qualitative case study. For literature review, it examines the current welfare policy to overcome the poverty level bringing economic self-reliance among the low-income households.
It also discussed the theory and models of entrepreneurship to form an analytical framework of this study. It modified the environmental model of entrepreneurship by Gnyawali and Fogel to fit for the purpose of this study.
The General Interview Guide Approach was introduced in conveying the depth interviews for the qualitative method. Twelve interviewees as a sample were selected who have been recipients of the public loan for livelihood by the recommendation of public officials in charge at four economic self-reliance centers and three district offices in Seoul . The sample were collected by the method of the quota sampling and purposive sampling. The data was reviewed , categorized and diagrammatized in the Pattern-Match of Robert Yin.
This research finds that the public loan program should be improved in introducing active interventions for the process of entrepreneurship when the recipients receive the public loan.
The summary of the research findings are as follows.
1) The primary outcome of the effectiveness of public loan program is that the program has been helpful to set up the basis of daily income for living. The entrepreneurship promotes the feeling of self-respect and helps to increase the income level. Overall, the usefulness of the program is high.
2) The information and knowledge of entrepreneurship opportunities come from their prior job experiences and negative displacement. In the recognition of entrepreneurship opportunity the social network has played a minimal role and official network has not yet contributed anything. Thus official network should be emphasized to increase entrepreneurship opportunities and to motivate the potential candidates of entrepreneurship.
3) It is known that the interviewees have acquired the necessary job skills of production and management through their prior employee experiences as well as experiences of entrepreneurship. They think the candidates of entrepreneurship should have appropriate knowledge in operating the business through their prior experiences. Therefore, the training program for entrepreneurship. requires the field experiences.
4) The interviewees with skill responded the importance of education and those with less skill comparatively didn't recognize the importance of education. Thus the elderly with less skill could be eligible for entrepreneurship with the public loan in simple, labor-intensive jobs.
5) The interviewees showed the strong personal characteristics of business such as high level of motivation, self-control and creativity. They also showed good points in human relationship, patience and self-independence. Those potential characteristics of entrepreneurs influenced the successful entrepreneurial activities. Therefore, the training program for entrepreneurship should add the contents of promoting potential characteristics of entreprenurs.
6) All the interviewees agreed that the public loan was crucial to realize the entrepreneurship but the amount of loan was very much insufficient. The average amount of capital used in starting up a new venture was between US $14,000 and US $17,000. Of these initial capital required to start up, 93% was debts including the private sector. Therefore, the increase of the public loan amount is prerequisite to reduce the difficulties of pursuing the entrepreneurship.
7) Within the public loan program, there was no official supportive network such as friendly and professional supports. It only provides financial assistance. The interviewees received the moral support from their friends and families, and they got professional support from the persons of the same working field.
Therefore, the professional supports should be delivered as a formal network from the government office and from the social service centers involved in helping the poor start up their own businesses. For the social service centers to perform the kind of roles and functions necessary in this area, the professional staff well educated and trained in entrepreneurship should be assigned in each center.
8) The format of loan application form should be supplemented by explaining the analysis of market, strong and weak points of the proposed entrepreneurship and the future possibility of entrepreneurship. As the applying proposal are getting specified to plan a business, the risks of failure could be prevented.
9) In general, sufficient preparation was not made in advance and poorly administered. The interviewees responded that the location of shop, the market research to decide the area of business were pre-studied. They did not analyze the skills and financial conditions. Even some of them had not prepared for opening new business in advance.
The professional intervention of enhancing the preparation in advance should be delivered for the loan recipients who is not able to be ready for entrepreneurship by themselves and who have less interests regardless of the strong causal relations between strong preparation and the high possibility of success.
10) The strategies of production and marketing strategy were used as business activities started. The production strategy was that differentiation of products and the saving in low-material cost. The strategies of production, location, finance, marketing based on experiences need to be supplemented in addition to existing business strategies. Some of interviewees wanted to have the professional training.
11) The characteristics of entrepreneurship and environmental factors are influential to the success of business operation. The interviewees responded that the success of entrepreneurship happens when the opportunities and fund is provided to the person who have the capability of operating business and environmental factors.
Some of important factors of successful entrepreneurship are opportunities, capability of business, potential personal characteristics and fund. In this context, one who may lack even one of those four factors is less likely to succeed. Therefore, educational training program needs to develop and provide to meet personal needs and conditions after examining the four factors of applicant's personality. It is suggested that the case management approach be enacted to this effect.
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