칼 융의 원형이론에서 본 초월적 힘의 근원 연구 : 영화 <스타워즈>와 <아키라>를 중심으로 = (A) study on the source of transcendental power in the light of C. G. Jung's theory of archetype : special reference to the <Star wars> and the <Akira>

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

We, human beings, dream of another world when life seems to be absurd and weary. Human beings, in their dream, always int end to transcend the mundane reality of life. The dream of transcendence has been continued for a long time in human life. The desire of transcendence has not been t arnished in human life, but alway s expressed through the various literary genres today This shows that human beings have faced the limitation which they can not get over with their own will and strength. Every time we have an obstacle of life, we dream of escaping from the tiring life, and the dream gives us hope and comfort. Moreover transcendence has been a hope and comfort to us. The existential limit ation of human beings is an import ant point at this point. The limitation makes humans feel the need of the transcendental power. The question is what kind of an object can present the transcendental power which enables us to overcome the existential limitation.
A Japanese theologist, Nishtashi Gaichi has thought of 'religion'as the proper answer to this question. Transcendental power could be appeared through religious experiences. It is a great power to bring the change of quality in existence of humans. In other words, human beings with the crisis of existence get the meaning of life through their religious experience. A founder of depth psychology, Carl Gustav Jung point s out that modern way of life-the emphasis on the rational or personal consciousness-keeps the religious experience from undergoing a revelation of God. Many theologians also claim that many priests, who are supposed to lead us to religious experience, obstruct us from going through the experience since they are restricted to a sy stem of dogma and institutionalized church law. Therefore, it is impos sible for human beings to undergo a power that we need for the religious experience.
Human beings have been looking for the meaning of life, settling on something else since they left religion. ‘Something else’ could mean media. Marchal Mcruhan declares “media is massage". He says that media console and relieve emotional stress just like a massage to our future. T herefore, it gives us a hope and energy to our future life. According to his argument, media might be a message, and a treasure land which contains everything. All types of code of general culture such as literature, music, movies, fashion, internet, games provide a power through the role of massage and message to human beings. Nevertheless, we may not regard the general culture mentioned above as religious experience even though we admit that the culture can partly complement the role and function of religious experience.
As to the art performances and the movies particularly, they offer the same experience on the same spot at the same time to a number of people. Movies seem to be the cultural code which illustrates humans beings ' general tendency more synthetically than any others. If a movie moves human beings, the movie must have something to stimulate their deep reality of psyche. Straightly speaking, there must be a problem in church at all if a mister’s sermon sounds meaningless and cannot touch people. As a matt er of fact, it is true that we cannot compare sermon to a movie. However, if there are people increasing who learn the meaning of life and get wisdom and guidance from general culture, and feel satisfied with it, we would take the problem seriously because they would not feel the necessity to undergo religious experience any more. This is the main motivation of this paper for my thesis.
Then, are humans in modern society where media dominates experiencing transcendental power? Could we experience the power even in the outer world of religion? Carl Jung mentions that humans being's psyche is the place which transcendental power can be originated. So to speak, the human psyche is the place which a revelation comes from and it works as well. Carl Jung insist s that the collective unconscious is the locus of revelation . According to him, the consciousness is different from the collective unconscious which is both transcendental and archetypal. However, the most important thing is that the personal consciousness obstruct s the power from God. In this sense, Carl Jung's theory is quite per suasive.
Especially in his archetype theory, self- archetype enables human to experience the meaning of life. Moreover it plays a role to transform the immature ego into the mature. In this writing, I would like to analyzes a Japanese animation ‘Akira’ and a movie‘Star Wars’ as text s for the comparison of experiences by the archetypical and the transcendent al power and will show whether the two powers provide the same experience and they are originated from the same source.
The two movies contain extremely important content in demonstrating archetype theory and transcendental power. It can be explained by compensation of archetype since people in modern society desire fantasy and unrealistic world because their ego inclines to only one side and not balanced evenly. Carl Jung t akes this inclination for mass nervousness. In other words, our ego inclines on extreme mat erialism and scientism. As the result, modern human being's deep psyche longs for unrealistic and mysterious fantasy.
If the human psyche does not develope properly, in extreme case, the archetypical energy it self explodes. It result s in psychological chaos. We can see this in Det sho who destroys himself and the world in 'Akira ' . On the other hand, ‘Star War s’ makes us have dream of univer se and mysterious world. Also, it shows that we can unite the world only through the process of individualization for the meaningful existence in the world. The two movies present Carl Jung’s archetypical experience to us.
Human beings are anxious to have the fundamental experience. No matter what it is, we thirst for a new and mysterious wonder. We also dream of a mysterious and unknown world. That is why people become enthusiastic about the arts of the fant asy genre and pleasure. To desire for new world is a paradox since human beings always desire for the new world. In this sense Carl Jung’s under standing of human being s are very insightful for the healing of the modern sy stemized religious traditions.
In a word, in this paper I have argued that the source of transcendental power, which all human beings desire for, is the archetype of the collective unconscious which is filled with pos sibile new symbols for the revitalization of religion for the healing of human beings.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• I. 서론
• 1. 연구의 목적 = 1
• 2. 연구의 방법과 범위 = 6
• II. 초월적 힘과 원형이론 = 8
• 1. 초월적 힘의 개념 = 8
• 1) 종교학적 의미 = 9
• 2) 정신분석학적 의미 = 15
• 2. 원형이론 = 23
• 1) 무의식과 집단무의식 = 23
• 2) 원형의 기능과 역할 = 25
• 3) 자기실현 과정과 신화 = 30
• III. 영화분석 = 33
• 1. 영화<스타워즈>와 애니메이션<아키라> = 34
• 1) <스타워즈> = 34
• (1) 작품설명 = 34
• (2) 줄거리 = 34
• ① 에피소드1: 보이지 않는 위험 = 34
• ② 에피소드2: 클론의 습격 = 36
• ③ 에피소드4: 새로운 희망 = 38
• ④ 에피소드5: 제국의 역습 = 39
• ⑤ 에피소드6: 제다이의 귀환 = 41
• (3) 캐릭터 = 42
• ① 아나킨 스카이워커(Anakin Skywalker) = 42
• ② 파드메 아마딜라(Padme Amidala) = 43
• ③ 다스 베이더(Darth Vader) = 43
• ④ 루크 스카이워커(Luke Skywalker) = 43
• ⑤ 레이아 오가나(Leia Organa) = 44
• ⑥ 한 솔로(Han Solo) = 44
• ⑦ 요다 (Yoda) = 45
• ⑧ 다스 시니어스(Darth Sidious) = 45
• ⑨ 다스 몰(Darth Maul) = 45
• ⑩ 슈미 스카이워커(Shmi Skywalker) = 46
• ⑪ 알투- 디투(R2-D2) = 46
• ⑫ 씨- 스리피오(C- 3PO) = 46
• ⑬ 츄바카(Chewbacca) = 47
• 2) <아키라> = 47
• (1) 작품배경 = 47
• (2) 줄거리 = 48
• (3) 캐릭터 = 50
• ① 데츠오 = 50
• ② 가네다 = 50
• ③ 대좌 = 51
• ④ K = 51
• ⑤ 박사 = 51
• ⑥ 마샬, 다카시, 키요크, 아키라 = 51
• 2. 원형적 상징 = 52
• 1) <스타워즈> = 52
• (1) 도입부의 원형적 의미 = 52
• (2) 포스의 의미 = 54
• 2) <아키라> = 58
• (1) 도입부의 원형적 의미 = 58
• (2) 아키라의 의미 = 60
• 3. 자아와 원형의 만남 = 65
• 1) <스타워즈> = 66
• (1) 아나킨 스카이워크 = 66
• ① 출생의 비밀과 소명 = 66
• ② 자아의 고통 = 68
• ③ 자기실현의 실패 = 70
• ④ 그림자 = 73
• (2) 루크 스카이워크 = 75
• ① 출생의 비밀과 소명 = 76
• ② 자아의 고통 = 79
• ③ 자기실현의 화해 = 81
• ④그림자 = 96
• 2) <아키라> = 98
• (1) 데츠오 = 98
• ① 출생의 비밀과 소명 = 98
• ② 자아의 고통 = 102
• ③ 자기실현의 실패 = 103
• ④ 그림자 = 106
• IV. 초월적 힘의 근원 = 108
• 1. 포스와 아키라 = 108
• 1) 초월적 힘의 원형 = 108
• 2) 창조와 파괴의 힘 = 110
• V. 결론 = 113
• 참고문헌 = 121
• ABSTRACT = 126