KCI등재
동북아에서의 군사혁신과 한국군의 장기발전 계획 = Revolution in Military Affairs in Northeast Asia and Prospects for the ROK Military Development
저자
구본학(具本學) (한국국방연구원)
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
2002
작성언어
Korean
KDC
390.000
등재정보
KCI등재
자료형태
학술저널
발행기관 URL
수록면
151-183(33쪽)
제공처
As futurists expected, the twenty-first century will become a information society, in which information will be a major force that can change the society. Great strides in science and technology will promote tremendous changes in human lives, as well as in military affairs.
In the information society, knowledge and information will be core elements in military affairs and those who control and dominate knowledge and information will win the war. Developments in information system with advanced command and control system will make a real-time information transmission and sharing possible, and will improve long-range precision attack capabilities. In this regard, small and precision-guided weapon systems will be more important, and battle space will be expanded which includes outer space. As witnessed in the Aghanistan war, the United States used unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) such as "Global Hawk" and "Predator." In the future war, unmanned combat vehicles and combat robots will become a main warriors. Military organizations will be changing toward small-sized and flexible organizations with effective network systems. A digitized warriors equipped with battle space knowledge and information will appear in the future war. In addition, precise surveillance and control, and precision attack capabilities will assure to win a war with minimum damage in shortest time period.
The concept of Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) contains: (1) utilizing new engineering technologies; (2) evolve new military systems; (3) operational innovation; (4) organizational adaptation; and (5) maximization of combat effectiveness. The concept of RMA will be caused not by an invention of new technologies, but by complex and organizational utilization of existing technologies. This concept may bring a revolutionary improvements in precision-guided weapon systems, automation of information process, command and control technologies, electronics and defense capabilities. This system will make precision attack on enemy's political and military centers at a great distance, thus, guarantee win a war. In this sense, information system will the most important part in the future war. Revolutionary developments in information collecting equipment, GPS system with radars and satellites, and various sensor systems make enable to collect more precise data. Developments in information networks will expand scope of information sharing. These developments make enable to distributed deployment of units, flexible combat, and integration of various functions. The future war will place importance of small-sized units with effective fire power and speedy maneuver and precision. Developments in micro-technology will improve capabilities of signal process and guided weapons systems, thus increase long-range attack capabilities.
RMA will increase battle field visualization and information sharing capabilities. Development in information technology will improve real-time surveillance and monitoring capabilities. Improvements in targeting capability and long-range fire power capability will expands battle space. Developments in surveillance and reconnaissance, command and control networks, precision-guided long-range missiles will create new strategies that can attack enemy's strategic center at a great distance. The future war also place importance of I soft kill,' instead of I hard kill.
The RMA will cause a revolutionary change in military technology, military operation, and military organizations. Developments in information technology, advanced manufacturing technology and bio-technology will promote miniaturization of weapon systems with farther range, faster speed, and precise targeting capabilities.
In the area of military operation, changes in concepts of space and time in the battle field by the enhancement of information gathering capabilities and expansion of the scope of information sharing. Also, joint doctrine rather than separate doctrines will become more important. In order to maximize fire power, integrated and simultaneous fire will be more important.
In the military organization area, the RMA will promote to change military organizations into network systems. It also will require to increase organizational integration and to increase its capabilities to meet the requirements of operation other than war (OOTW).
The future war will place importance of long-range targeting and attacking capabilities, thus long-range weapon systems rather than maneuvering capabilities will become important. Also, stealth capability is necessary in future weapon systems.
The ground forces is pursuing digitization in the battle field. It also make great efforts to increase soldier's survivability through battle field visualization. The navy is pursuing to change the concept of "power at sea" into "power from the sea." The navy also place importance of joint operation with ground and air forces. The air force has been developing unmanned aerial vehicles and try to utilize advanced materials and sensors.
The Net Assessment Center, Department of Defense of the United States takes a leading role in the RMA. The US has been developing battle field visualization for ground forces, network-centered joint combat capability for the navy, and long-range power projection capability for air force. The Joint Chief of Staffs place importance of the jointness among separate forces, inter-operability. and information warfare.
Japan has not shown a clear vision for the RMA due to domestic constitutional and legal constraints. However, considering Japan's economic and dual-use technology capabilities. it maintains sufficient potential capabilities for the RMA. Japan, especially have an interest in information system and missile defense system.
China has been changing the concept of "people's war" into "small, limited war" to effective meet small-scale conflicts. The RMA in China is closely related with the future Chinese economic development. The chinese leaders fully understand the importance of advanced technologies, and try to develop weapon systems in the areas of information warfare, naval and air weapon systems, ground-to-air weapon systems, and cruise missiles.
Russia expected in the 1970s that development in science and technology would lead revolution in military technologies. Russians understood that advanced weapon systems would decide win or lose in the future war. Due to economic difficulties, Russia does not have sufficient economic capability to proceed the RMA at the current moment. However, if it recovers form economic difficulties, Russia can achieve a great stride in the RMA.
In these circumstances, South Korea must follow trends of neighboring countries. It must adapt to revolution in information. Also, it is required to increase effectiveness in overall military affairs.
South Korea must maintain a stable deterrence capability against North Korean military threats. Therefore, it must maintain a robust ROK -US alliance. In the future, South Korea must increase its role to keep regional stability when North Korean threats decrease or disappear. South Korea must maintain a sufficient defense capability to secure national interests when conflict break out in the region. It should make every effort to develop its force structure from soldier-intensive structure to information- and technology-intensive one. In addition, South Korea must increase joint combat capability fo ground-navy-air forces.
In addition, South Korea must build a military force which is suitable to meet future threat. South Korea must explore various alternatives to downsize its force structure. It also make every effort to find out alternatives to maximize synergy effect at the battle field. In order to improve synergy effect, South Korea must develop independent Korean-style system of systems and advanced information system.
If North Korean military threats exist, South Korea must focus on deterring North Korean threats by utilizing the ROK-US alliance, while improving a rapid response capabilities to meet OOTW. Even though North Korea threats reduce or disappear, considering Korea's geo-strategic environment, Korea must prepare a combined defense strategy with the United States for all-out war, and improve its independent response capability.
At the same time, South Korea must consider maintaining a strategic capabilities to deter possible intervention of neighboring countries. Standing forces with small-sized and enhanced fire power will be suitable to maintain front line. However, it should make a strenuous effort to improve effective mobilization system. South Korea also place emphasis on joint combat capability, and establishing organizational integration and organizational network.
In addition, South Korea must consistent pursue to improve and acquire advanced weapons systems and information system. It must develop battle field surveillance system, command and control system, precision-guided targeting and attacking systems, and defense systems for information and long-range attacking weapon systems.
In the areas of organization and operation, South Korea must develop various kinds of power systems. It must make every effort to enhance jointness and integration to prepare a future war.
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