朝鮮中期 學術振興과 鶴山書院

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

I have tried to study the historical background of confucian private academy(Suwon 書院) movement in the middle of Chosun Dynasty and the procedure of the establishment of Hak-San Suwon and the encouragement of education in Incheon County. I have traced the communication of Hak-San Suwon with the other Suwon of capital region as well. Neo-Confucianism was a thought that emphasized the education, which aimed at comprehending the world and cultivating human personality. Therefore, it was natural to build the public academy and to discipline the young people at the beginning of Chosun Dynasty. The confucian private academy surpassed the function of the public academy in the middle of 16th century when the literati accomplished their academic identity and formed political parties. The activation of the establishment of Suwon meaned the reflection of this dynamism in the literati society. This trend that the literati got together with in same academic legitimacy arranged about the Hyojong and Hyonjong Reign. As its side effect, the excessive establishments of Suwon became a hot issue and the government prohibited the excessive establishments of Suwon with the strict restrain. Hak-San Suwon was built in this process. To build the shrine of Lee Dan-Sang who was once a ruler of Incheon County and endeavored to educate the people in this region at that time, and, foremost, to develop their own education environment, the people tried to reconstruct public academy and establish a Suwon for their own sake. I think Hak-San Suwon belonged to Western-Party(Old-Party). The scholars they communicated with were members of Western-Party(Old-Party). In deficiency of primary resources of Hak-San Suwon, I have used some side-evidences such as the tendency of establishments of Suwon in capital region, the population of Incheon County, and Roads of transportation and traffic of the period. I expect they will be bases of further studies being able to find multi-layers perspectives. Hak-San Suwon was established late comparatively, because Incheon County was located at the corner of west coast. As a matter of fact, the main roads of transportation and traffic in the nation was far from Incheon County. Moreover, the population of Incheon County were smaller than any other counties. I conclude temporarily that these deficiencies were the reason why the literati of Incheon County tried to weave their relation to Lee Family who was a member of the main stream of Old-Party.