濟州道의 自生寒蘭 = Cymbidium kanran Native to Cheju Island, Korea
저자
李宗錫 (濟州大學校 農科大學)
발행기관
濟州大學校 亞熱帶農業硏究所(The Research Institute for Subtropical, Agriculture CheJu National University)
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1984
작성언어
Korean
KDC
520.4
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
157-171(15쪽)
제공처
소장기관
The present works carried out to name hoticultual cultivars of Cymbidium kanran native to Cheju island define accurate cultural history and multiple propagation of the orchid, and to survey from the ecological view point the environmental conditions of natural habitats them.
History
Oriental cymbidiums which are called "lan" by Korean, have been cultivated since A.D. 890 or thereabouts. However, Cymbidium kanran native to Cheju island was recorded between A.D. 1775 and 1781 by Shin Kyeung-Jun lived in the era of the Jung Jo kingdoms, Lee Dynasty.
Horticultural cultivars
"Seolmundae", "Boramae", "Seungmu", "Yeoul", "Hoesim", "Janggeom", "Jakseol", "Sinryae", "Jailpum", "Jahak", "Rakjo", "Ungbii", "Gunhak", "Tal", "Bora", and "Jaha", were cultivars of reddish purple flowering color type, and "Kwanyeok", "Asayeo", "Chuntan", "Ungyeo", "Daehan", "Daehan", "Rokyeong", "Tamra", "Choro", "Biiyeon", "Seonhak", "Rokilmn", "Goseung", "Jejuil", "Rokui", "Chusa", "Seonrok", "Muhee", "Dansim", "Chwikwang", and "Chunseol", were yellow green flower tint. "Chukwang", "Chuilpum", "Jeokilmum", "Hanareum", "Serom", and "Hansaem", were classified as a red colored flower, and cultivars of "Haewu", "Choyeon", "Hanbark", and "Arang", were dealt with mixed color. type. Thus, total 50 horticultural cultivars of Cymbidium kanran were classified and named for the first time by their flower color and other morphological characteristics.
Light condition
Annual average light intensity of the cymbidium sites was about 6,500 lux for the habitat in comparison with 110,000 lux in open area of a clear day. As to the annual fluctuations of light regimes, January, February, March, November and December, maintained the highest light intensities ranged from 8,000 to 10,000 lux, an April and October were recorded in the range from 5,000 to 6,500 lux. However, May, June, July, August and September regarded as the lowest season were ranged from 1,200 to 1,700 lux. Temperature
Air temperature of the habitat was ranged from 8 to 16℃ in spring, 21 to 25℃ in summer, 12 to 21℃ in autumn and 6 to 8℃ during the winter season, and mean temperature of Cymbidium sites was measured to be around 14.7℃. Minimum value was recorded -6℃ on January, and maximum value was checked 31℃ on August. The highest soil temperature at depth of 20 cm underground was about 23℃ on August ; on the other hand, the lowest was about 4℃ on January. Annual mean soil temperature of the orchid sites was shown about 8℃.
Humidity
Annual relative humidity was maintained 79.2% as an average, and autumn and winter were regarded as dry season ; however, summer seemed to be a humid period.
Soil condition
The range of soil acidity was pH 5.1 to 5.8, and the soil contained 11.6% of humus, 0.73% of total N, 0.09% of available ??, 0.005% of exchangeable K₂O, 0.108% of CaO and 0.015% of MgO as an average.
Vegetation
Tree species showing higher frequency rate of standing and density in the Cymbidium site were Pinus thunbergii, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii, Camellia japonica, Eurya japonica, Styrax japonica, Quercus acuta, Carpinus laxiflora, Rhododendron weyrichii, Callicarpa japanica, and Acer palmatum etc., and the trees seemed to be regarded as indicators of Cymbidium kanran site in Cheju Island. Number of trees growing in a 10×10m quardrate was about 61 as an average.
Distribution
Geographical distribution of the Cymbidium in Mt. Hanla was ranged from 70 to 840 meters from the sea level, and the natural distribution of the plant was investigated from Tosanri, Pyoseonmyeon, Namchejugun in the eastern part to Seokwangri, Andeokmyeon, Namchejugun in the western area. Distribution of the orchid was observed more abundantly along the south-facing slopes of the mountain.
Propagation
Rhizome growth of Cymbidium karan obtained from the natural habitat and cultured on agar medium in vitro, was promoted by BA 10 ppm application in light condition, and GA 100 ppm in dark. Shoot and root formation from the rhizomes was accelerated in BA 0.5 to 1.0 ppm.
In rhizomes proliferated from seed germination in vitro, shoot was induced in BA 10 ppm or BA 10 ppm mixed with NAA 0.1 ppm application added to the Knudson's C medium, but it was not so in dark. It seemed to suggest that light an cytokinin act as essential factors for shoot formation in the rhizome culture. Maximum growth of new rhizomes and proliferating rhizome tip of Cymbidium kanran was attained by adding NAA 0.1 or 1 ppm to the basal culture medium. In combinations with the two growth regulaters, the rhizome growth effect of NAA and the shoot stimulating effect of BA were shown to counteract each other in the action. For the rhizome culture, Murashige & Skoong's medium was regarded better than Knudson's C, Hyponex Ⅱ or White medium.
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