고려시대지배층분묘연구(高麗時代支配層墳墓硏究) －9～16세기묘역시설분묘(世紀墓域施設墳墓)를 중심(中心)으로－ = A Study on Graves of State in Koryo period : With focus on graves of graveyard facilities of 9th~16th Centuries

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Although organization and structure of graves of public servants hold explanation to understanding the culture of the ruling class, little studies pertaining to the said topic have been conducted, and have not been concretely discussed even in philological studies of history of Goryeo that have been conducted in the past. Archeological studies also lack sufficient data on graves of the medieval age resulting in the inability to conduct a systematic study. However, the recent increase in the level of interest in medieval history of Korea also heightened interests in the graveyard remains that whose construction period was similar to each other, leading to a gradual increase of researchers in the said topic.
In this study, the following deductions were made through analysis of graves of public servants distributed in the southern region of Korea.
First, graves of public servants are surrounded by rectangular stone circles and their graveyard facilities are separately established. Graveyard formation is varied according to the grade of official rank, and the construction of the gravesite consists of the actual grave and the grave forefront.
Second, graveyard facilities that appear to be those of public servants of the 12th century have been discovered around the region of Gaegyeong and surrounding vicinity and therefore, it is unreasonable to assume that these graves all belong to public servants. Consequently, graveyard facilities also include graves of locals.
Third, graves of public servants are constructed on a hillock within 100meters above sea level. Few graves are built alone with majority forming gravesites of graves belonging to the family or relatives. The formation of gravesites of the 12th century do not appear to have had a fixed pattern or general rule of construction, however, construction pattern of graves within the gravesite take on a regular pattern entering Yeomalsuncho (period from the end of Goryeo Dynasty to the beginning of Joseon Dynasty).
Fourth, graves of public servants are classified as type I and II based on its worshippers, and their transformations are closely related to changes in the repair of the graves under reign of Gyeongjong(reg. 1) and Munjong(reg. 37) during Goryeo Dynasty and under reign of Taejong(reg. 4 & 18) during Joseon Dynasty.
Graves of public servants transformed through three significant stages. Stage 1 took place in year 976 under reign of Gyeongjong(reg. 1) during Goryeo Dynasty. The first grave repair was initiated but because it was not completed, types I and II－A were introduced.
Stage 2 of changes took places from reign of Munjong(reg. 37) during Goryeo Dynasty to reign of Taejong(reg. 4) of Joseon Dynasty during which enactment of grave repair typical of Goryeo dynasty was established, and marked the appearance of graves of public servants that are representative of type II－B. During this period, due to the unstable construction pattern of graves of the 12th century, a second transitional regulation for graves were carefully examined, and repair of graves of public servants were strictly prohibited.
Third stage of change took place under reign of Taejong (reg. 4 & 16) of Joseon Dynasty. In the process of reforming the dynasty and stabilizing the royal authority, the new changes identified differences and status between graves of the royal family and those of public servants, and distinguished the graves of public servants of Joseon dynasty from those of Goryeo Dynasty.