우리나라 獨寡占 價格形成에 있어서 造成되는 諸特徵에 對한 硏究 = Study on the various characteristics entailed as a result of formation of oligopolistic prices in Korea
저자
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1972
작성언어
Korean
KDC
040.000
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
369-398(30쪽)
제공처
소장기관
1. Theoretical analysis on the oligopolistic economy.
Regarding the oligopolistic economy, under which oligopolistic prices are decided and operated by oligopolistic competitions inoligopolistic markets centering around enterprises, the following analyses can be made :
a) Among oligopolistic competiters, interdependent effects follows a sequence of influences and a difference in cost results in excess profit, a part of which is used for accumulation of capital within the business internally, thereby changing circumstance. consequently, the circumstances should be analyzed dynamically.
b) Investment by the internal saving provide the production effected and income effects through the so-called dual effects of investment income effects and production effects" as demonstrated by Domar. In this case, the income effects 9the effects of increased effective demand) can be realzed by the fact that the increased investment by an individual oligopolistic enterprise will bring about increased effective demand through increase of national income by investment multiplier, since the increased investment by on individual oligopolistic enterprise causes investment in the industry increase thus increasing investment of the national economy as a whole. The effect of increased effective demand spreads evenly among other industries, raising effective demand among other industries. Therefore, it is noteworthy that a macro-analysis of income should be also taken into consideration in this field.
c) As far as such analysis is concerned, the behavior oligopolistic enterprise the core in the economic behavior as a whole. Therefore, it must be reiterated that the most emphasis must be given on pricing mechanism to elucidate how the price, the index of business behavior is determined in the process of oligopolistic competition.
Thus, micro-analysis of equilibrium will provide a foundation necessary for such analysis.
All in all, the analysis of oligopolistic competition should be attempted in a dynamic process by micro analysis of the equilibrium which is supported with macro-analysis of income.
2. oligopolistic pricing mechanism
Regarding the behavior and operations of capitalist economy under perfect competition in view of the above viewpoints, a condition of dynamic equilibrium and its movement away from it can be grasped. However, under oligopolistic competition a condition of perfect equilibrium can not be realized, but only imperfect equilibrium.
Because under perfect competition a condition of equilibrium can be brought into existence through the effects of adjusting mechanism when supply and demand does not correspond each other and, on the other hand, under oligopolistic competition the adjusting mechanism does not work out due to the lack of such features of markets. Therefore, the behaviors and conducts of oligopolistic economy must be understood to be tantamount to the condition of imperfect equilibrium and movement away from equilibrium. Owing to this condition of imperfect competition, profits are not tending toward anequalized rate and rigidity of prices is revealed.
3. Actual calculation of oligopolistic price.
When we observe princing actually, price is no more then a more part of management policies in the case of oligopolistic enter prise which are differing from a smallest functional unit under perfect competition; in other words, price decision is influenced by such objective elements as scale of markets, numbers of enterprises, market concentration ratio, conditions of competition among enterprise, cost differentials, degree of barriers to entry, innorations and elasticity of demand.
In addition, price decision is also effected by such subjective elements as conditions of organization and targets for pricing policies, and by a prediction as to any potential public opinions of every fields in the society. Thus, price decision is not made uniguely and functionally by anysingle theory.
Consequently, according to actual findings, the price is cost plus profit. The minimum level of profit will be the average profit rate, while the maximum level of profit will be the excess profit which will be decided by .the level of barriers to entry. It is general tendency to calculate the profit rate by the so-called standard cost formular.
4. Characteristics of oligopolistic prices in Korea.
a) Still, rule of maximization of profit is prevalent.
b) Price is calculated in accordance with the formular developed by the full-cost principle
c) Greater part of enterprises involves any sorts of contracts, thereby influencing price decision
d) rigidity of price is relatively smaller due to the weakness of oligopolistic enterprises.
e) A higher rate of price increase is shown in items produced by oligopolistic competition than in items produced by normal competition.
f) Any barriers to entry are not to be seen, and the profit ratio of sales grows higher as concentration ratio becomes higher.
g) Monopoly degree is revealed higher relative to those in advanced countries.
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