KCI등재
70년대 근대화의 전개와 여성의 몸 = The Korean Modernization Process and Women's Bodies in the 1970's
저자
김영옥 (이화여대 한국여성연구원 전임연구원)
발행기관
이화여자대학교 한국여성연구원(Korean Women's institute Ewha Womans University)
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
2001
작성언어
Korean
KDC
337.105
등재정보
KCI등재
자료형태
학술저널
발행기관 URL
수록면
27-48(22쪽)
제공처
소장기관
As the definition of globalization varies, questions as to its origins and cultural consequences have to be answered very differently. This study starts from several viewpoints, which clearly shows that the process of modernization has already affected the development of globalization in a wide sense. The main subject of this study is the relation between female identities and the process of modernization in Korea. It analyses women's identities who took part in that process, and focuses on the female body using the categories of labor, gender and sexuality. The experiences are not given before their expression; they are constructed by the material factors that are contradictory and at the same time related closely to each other. Especially I examine the linkages between women's bodies and labor, industrialization and urbanization in social-economic contexts and the representation of the world in the 1970s, the decade in which the modernization process was pushed most intensively.
This stage in modern Korean history was a period in which modernization and government-led industrialization was carried out very rapidly, manifested in the technological revolution, the industrialization of production, the demise of agriculture society and the construction of big cities. With television, advertisements, increased leisure times (etc), the era of mass culture was born. And the introduction of foreign, or more accurately, American culture into the "Korean body" was very intense.
In this period, women's lives also took on new forms. At first young women who had moved from the countryside to Seoul became part of the industrialization process and contributed to the change from an agricultural to an industrial capitalistic society. These young working class women have succeeded in constructing themselves as subjects by expressing their viewpoints as working women in various ways, e.g. working class movement; exchange of experiences and interests, collective education and leisure in private groups etc. This situation was encapsulated in the figure of "Young-ja", a working class woman and prostitute in the novel/film, 〈Young-ja's Time of Prosperity〉. Young-ja's life shockingly portrayed the violence of modernization as inscribed into the bodies of young female migrants.
In the 1970's the prostitution industry was widespread thanks largely to government-led sax tourism aimed at earning more foreign currency. The prostitution industry had already developed deep roots in Korean society during the Japanese occupation, Korean war and because of American army camps. The prostitution industry in East-Asia is linked closely with the politics of modernization in the third world. But it was promoted more virulently in Korea because of the gender politics that persisted in this patriarchal society without any serious resistance.
In pursuit of national democracy and modernization, young women were asked to perform low paying labor for long hours as well as prostitution in the name of the Nation. Working class women were able to construct themselves as agents by succeeding more and more in expressing their experiences. However, in contrast women engaged in sex industry had no opportunity to express their experiences.
Discourses surrounding the sex industry in Korean society are yet to be fully discussed. I think it must be discussed in a broad context in relationship to patriarchy and sexual culture in Korean society, colonial modernization, and the commodification of sex in consumer society in the late-capitalist era.
"Kyoung-a" in the novel/film, 〈Homeland of Stars〉 perfectly represents the image of a prostitute in 1970s Korean society. As a prostitute she represents urbanized desires projected by men. She was successful as a prostitute in western cultural tradition which allegorized capitalist commodity culture. She also became a mediator of social fields and castrated male subjects.
South Korea was a police state in the 1970s. Under the ruling militant dictatorial government, the political imagination was virtually frozen. Within the totally controlled society, the voices of resistance were only able to be enunciated through allegoric metaphors or secret signs like ciphers in fractures and cracks of representations which were allowed. These representational strategies were used not only in high culture but also in mass culture.
The film industry in particular generated a special structure of intertextuality in the late '70s by producing films based on best seller literature. The film industry arrived at its climax in the '50s and '60s and then lost lots of spectators in the beginning of 70s, because of the advent of television and other forms of leisure activities. With this cooperation between film and literature the sphere of mass culture extended and discourses about mass society as mass culture developed, and this development produced a niche of critical powers against the regime's ideology.
In this cultural context called youth culture, the female body was used as a signifier for the male intellectual who tried to resist the dictatorial regime. The female figure "E-hwa" in the novel/film, 〈A Woman of Winter〉 for example practiced a kind of free, anti-family sexuality in making love with different men without marrying. But her practice of sexuality was not the product of a critical optic against thee patriarchy upon which family ideology is based. She rather insisted on free relationships with male bodies, which was a compensation mechanisms to the oppressed romantic narcissism of male intellectual subjects who were barricaded against freedom.
서지정보 내보내기(Export)
닫기소장기관 정보
닫기권호소장정보
닫기오류접수
닫기오류 접수 확인
닫기음성서비스 신청
닫기음성서비스 신청 확인
닫기이용약관
닫기학술연구정보서비스 이용약관 (2017년 1월 1일 ~ 현재 적용)
학술연구정보서비스(이하 RISS)는 정보주체의 자유와 권리 보호를 위해 「개인정보 보호법」 및 관계 법령이 정한 바를 준수하여, 적법하게 개인정보를 처리하고 안전하게 관리하고 있습니다. 이에 「개인정보 보호법」 제30조에 따라 정보주체에게 개인정보 처리에 관한 절차 및 기준을 안내하고, 이와 관련한 고충을 신속하고 원활하게 처리할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 다음과 같이 개인정보 처리방침을 수립·공개합니다.
주요 개인정보 처리 표시(라벨링)
목 차
3년
또는 회원탈퇴시까지5년
(「전자상거래 등에서의 소비자보호에 관한3년
(「전자상거래 등에서의 소비자보호에 관한2년
이상(개인정보보호위원회 : 개인정보의 안전성 확보조치 기준)개인정보파일의 명칭 | 운영근거 / 처리목적 | 개인정보파일에 기록되는 개인정보의 항목 | 보유기간 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
학술연구정보서비스 이용자 가입정보 파일 | 한국교육학술정보원법 | 필수 | ID, 비밀번호, 성명, 생년월일, 신분(직업구분), 이메일, 소속분야, 웹진메일 수신동의 여부 | 3년 또는 탈퇴시 |
선택 | 소속기관명, 소속도서관명, 학과/부서명, 학번/직원번호, 휴대전화, 주소 |
구분 | 담당자 | 연락처 |
---|---|---|
KERIS 개인정보 보호책임자 | 정보보호본부 김태우 | - 이메일 : lsy@keris.or.kr - 전화번호 : 053-714-0439 - 팩스번호 : 053-714-0195 |
KERIS 개인정보 보호담당자 | 개인정보보호부 이상엽 | |
RISS 개인정보 보호책임자 | 대학학술본부 장금연 | - 이메일 : giltizen@keris.or.kr - 전화번호 : 053-714-0149 - 팩스번호 : 053-714-0194 |
RISS 개인정보 보호담당자 | 학술진흥부 길원진 |
자동로그아웃 안내
닫기인증오류 안내
닫기귀하께서는 휴면계정 전환 후 1년동안 회원정보 수집 및 이용에 대한
재동의를 하지 않으신 관계로 개인정보가 삭제되었습니다.
(참조 : RISS 이용약관 및 개인정보처리방침)
신규회원으로 가입하여 이용 부탁 드리며, 추가 문의는 고객센터로 연락 바랍니다.
- 기존 아이디 재사용 불가
휴면계정 안내
RISS는 [표준개인정보 보호지침]에 따라 2년을 주기로 개인정보 수집·이용에 관하여 (재)동의를 받고 있으며, (재)동의를 하지 않을 경우, 휴면계정으로 전환됩니다.
(※ 휴면계정은 원문이용 및 복사/대출 서비스를 이용할 수 없습니다.)
휴면계정으로 전환된 후 1년간 회원정보 수집·이용에 대한 재동의를 하지 않을 경우, RISS에서 자동탈퇴 및 개인정보가 삭제처리 됩니다.
고객센터 1599-3122
ARS번호+1번(회원가입 및 정보수정)