창의성, 어떻게 만들어지나? (뇌과학을 기초로 한 일고(一考)) = Creativity, how is it made? - Based on the neuroscience
저자
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
2019
작성언어
-주제어
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
47-64(18쪽)
제공처
소장기관
There are many definitions of creativity, but I will easily define it as “the ability to solve problems when we do not know the knowledge and procedures”. But what matters more than the definition of creativity is how and where we get the ability to solve problems we’ve never encountered.
Just as science begins where human senses end, creativity that humans pursue in many ways begins with the stereotypes and senses that humans have.
There’s a movie called The Matrix; where a young man who sells illegal hacking programs realizes that the world he knows is all fictional. The question is how do I know this? Of course, until now, a lot of people have suggested a way to think about how to think creatively, and I think it is being presented.
I personally recommend the 13 methods presented in the book Spark of Genius written by Robert Root-Bernstein. The presented contents were observing, imaging, abstracting, recognizing pattern, forming pattern, analogizing, body thinking, empathizing, dimensional thinking, modelling, playing, transforming, synthesizing.
What really interests me was what was common in these 13 contents. I summarized it in three ways: accumulation of memories, utilization of memories, and compilation of memories. I studied these three things from view point of neuroscience.
First of all, how do you see creativity in neuroscience? To do this, we need to know the activities of the cells. In neuroscience, nerve cells are connected to each other, so that creativity means how to strengthen, speed up, and maintain the accuracy of the connections between nerve cells through continuous training.
Next, is there any part of the brain responsible for creativity? Unfortunately, brain scientists suggest that there are some places which deal with emotions in the human brain, but that there are no places which deal with reason or creativity. In neuroscience, human creativity has led to the question of how to effectively and efficiently use the information of memory in the process of diverse and newly connected human consciousness to solve the uncertainty.
Next is memory and emotions. Many things can be mentioned, but to sum up, ①the memory circuits and emotional circuits are closely related, ②rich emotions improve memory, ③people who have a lot of connections between the frontal lobe and the memory cortex are more creative, ④of course, in modern society, rather than emphasizing the use of hippocampus that transforms short-term memory into long-term memory, it is important to use the frontal lobe that quickly scans information and find necessary information. Therefore, the ratio of utilization to the parts of usage seems to be somewhat different.
Finally, it’s about a neuroscience stance on the human mind. Recently, Harvard University psychiatrists have published a decade-long study of what the human brain does, and say there are three modes. salience mode, executive mode and default mode.
What’s noteworthy about the results made by Harvard psychiatrists is that we humans use about 80% for the default mode among all three modes.
So why should we care about the default mode? First of all, the default mode is ①to expand the human field of view. ②Secondly, the default mode is to endlessly reflect on your past and present and relationships with others. Lastly ③the default mode tries to talk to yourself internally and ultimately make some decision makings through your life.
I think this is a truly meaningful discovery. There’s a good reason why we humans have to look deeper into the default mode for the sake of creativity. So what can we do now to apply for creativity in education?
Here are six alternatives. ①Settle into culture, ②Continuously recategorize for concepts, ③Book reading exercise, ④Give time for doodle try ⑤Encourage writing notes, ⑥Social atmosphere that encourages failure.
I assumed creativity as the ability to solve problems without knowing knowledge or procedures, I talked about the approach based on neuroscience. Based on the rapid progress of the study of neuroscience, I hope that human creativity will become more common and applicable to many people.00
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