19세기말, 20세기 초 미국의 대학교육 개혁 = Reform of Higher Education in America During the Late : Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries -The Case of Charles W. Eliot at Harvard
저자
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
2004
작성언어
Korean
주제어
자료형태
학술저널
발행기관 URL
수록면
75-91(17쪽)
제공처
Since the Beginning of New Millennium, Koreans have been in the vortex of hot debate on reform of higher education or taehak kaehyok (university reform). Topics vary. Some have been so critical of the current curriculum which, they say, is not suitable for the so-called information society or the era of ‘global village.′ Especially, they argue for a radical change of the conventional kyoyang kyoyuk (liberal education), which is centered on literature, philosophy, history and so forth. They say computer-related courses, information science-related courses and English courses should be included or expanded. Others have criticized the faculty members of universities, who are not productive but whose positions are guaranteed until their retirement. They argue for a competative system by which, they say, leads professors be productive. Still others have said that universities and colleges, which are not located in major cities, are in a serious crisis. They say a tuksonghwa (specialization or characterization) or a sontaekkwa chipjung (choice and concentration) of program. However, we have a lot of talks about reform of higher education, but we do not see any meaningful change. It is a business as usual, but there have been a conflict between or among self-centered egoistic faculty members.
It is thus necessary to step back and to see reform efforts in other countries. Especially, it is needed to know how such internationally renown institutions for higher education as Harvard, Yale and Princeton reformed in the period of change, that is, from agrarian society to industrial society and from industrial society to information society. We should see how they change their curriculum and how they adjusted their program during such a transitional period. From their experience we could learn how to reform our universities and colleges.
This article is intended to see the reform effort of Harvard during industrialization and urbanization. Since the Harvard reform was initiated by Charles W. Eliot, the president, I discuss in this article his philosophy of higher education and his reform, especially his ‘elective system’ of curriculum during this transitional period. Eliot was a young scientist who specialized mathematics and chemistry. At age of 36, he became the Harvard president in 1869. He, who was 36 years old at the time, enjoyed the Harvard presidency for 40 years. During his presidency, Eliot transformed Harvard from “a New England college” to “a cosmopolitan university.”
This article emphasizes Eliot′s education philosophy which is based on ‘freedom.’ He once said that “A university is the last place in the world for a dictator. Learning is always republican. It has idols, but not masters.” Based on this, he changed Harvard program and curriculum. For example, he gave a freedom of choice to students. Previously, students did not have any choice but to follow a fixed curriculum. Now, students could choose courses they wanted. Through such elective system, Eliot argued, students could learn more and accomplish faster. They became more independent and came to have a sense of responsibility. Out of this elective system, students could have his own individualized curriculum and became a specialist when they graduated. Through such an elective system and individualized curriculum they became specialized and became more useful in ever more specializing American society.
Korean educators and the so-called university reformers should read Charles W. Eliot′s reform of Harvard. This article is intended to give them a benchmarking wisdom.
분석정보
서지정보 내보내기(Export)
닫기소장기관 정보
닫기권호소장정보
닫기오류접수
닫기오류 접수 확인
닫기음성서비스 신청
닫기음성서비스 신청 확인
닫기이용약관
닫기학술연구정보서비스 이용약관 (2017년 1월 1일 ~ 현재 적용)
학술연구정보서비스(이하 RISS)는 정보주체의 자유와 권리 보호를 위해 「개인정보 보호법」 및 관계 법령이 정한 바를 준수하여, 적법하게 개인정보를 처리하고 안전하게 관리하고 있습니다. 이에 「개인정보 보호법」 제30조에 따라 정보주체에게 개인정보 처리에 관한 절차 및 기준을 안내하고, 이와 관련한 고충을 신속하고 원활하게 처리할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 다음과 같이 개인정보 처리방침을 수립·공개합니다.
주요 개인정보 처리 표시(라벨링)
목 차
3년
또는 회원탈퇴시까지5년
(「전자상거래 등에서의 소비자보호에 관한3년
(「전자상거래 등에서의 소비자보호에 관한2년
이상(개인정보보호위원회 : 개인정보의 안전성 확보조치 기준)개인정보파일의 명칭 | 운영근거 / 처리목적 | 개인정보파일에 기록되는 개인정보의 항목 | 보유기간 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
학술연구정보서비스 이용자 가입정보 파일 | 한국교육학술정보원법 | 필수 | ID, 비밀번호, 성명, 생년월일, 신분(직업구분), 이메일, 소속분야, 웹진메일 수신동의 여부 | 3년 또는 탈퇴시 |
선택 | 소속기관명, 소속도서관명, 학과/부서명, 학번/직원번호, 휴대전화, 주소 |
구분 | 담당자 | 연락처 |
---|---|---|
KERIS 개인정보 보호책임자 | 정보보호본부 김태우 | - 이메일 : lsy@keris.or.kr - 전화번호 : 053-714-0439 - 팩스번호 : 053-714-0195 |
KERIS 개인정보 보호담당자 | 개인정보보호부 이상엽 | |
RISS 개인정보 보호책임자 | 대학학술본부 장금연 | - 이메일 : giltizen@keris.or.kr - 전화번호 : 053-714-0149 - 팩스번호 : 053-714-0194 |
RISS 개인정보 보호담당자 | 학술진흥부 길원진 |
자동로그아웃 안내
닫기인증오류 안내
닫기귀하께서는 휴면계정 전환 후 1년동안 회원정보 수집 및 이용에 대한
재동의를 하지 않으신 관계로 개인정보가 삭제되었습니다.
(참조 : RISS 이용약관 및 개인정보처리방침)
신규회원으로 가입하여 이용 부탁 드리며, 추가 문의는 고객센터로 연락 바랍니다.
- 기존 아이디 재사용 불가
휴면계정 안내
RISS는 [표준개인정보 보호지침]에 따라 2년을 주기로 개인정보 수집·이용에 관하여 (재)동의를 받고 있으며, (재)동의를 하지 않을 경우, 휴면계정으로 전환됩니다.
(※ 휴면계정은 원문이용 및 복사/대출 서비스를 이용할 수 없습니다.)
휴면계정으로 전환된 후 1년간 회원정보 수집·이용에 대한 재동의를 하지 않을 경우, RISS에서 자동탈퇴 및 개인정보가 삭제처리 됩니다.
고객센터 1599-3122
ARS번호+1번(회원가입 및 정보수정)