KCI등재
1910년대 일제의 삼업(蔘業)정책과 개성 삼포주(蔘圃主)의 활동 = Japanese Imperial authorities` policy regarding Jinseng production during the 1910s, and the activities of the Jinseng farm owners(蔘圃主) in the Gaeseong region
저자
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
2010
작성언어
Korean
주제어
등재정보
KCI등재
자료형태
학술저널
발행기관 URL
수록면
265-297(33쪽)
제공처
The Japanese Imperial authorities were well aware of the value of Jinseng products in Joseon, so they launched a monopoly system targeting red-steamed Jinseng in 1908. Yet with Japan`s economic intrusion, the Joseon Jinseng business was still in serious trouble, and in response to that the Japanese authorities decided to introduce loans to the Jinseng business owners in order to revitalize the entire enterprise. The amount of money that were loaned to the Jinseng producers was more than 100,000 Won every year. This loaning system did contribute to the rapid resurgence in Jinseng business in the 1910s. But this Jinseng business loan was merely a variation of the Indemnity payment that had earlier been granted to the Jinseng producers by the Daehan Empire. And the loaning itself was different in nature from any other subsidy that was provided by the Governor-General office. Most of all, the unique culture enjoyed by the Gaeseong region merchants also contributed to the recovery of the Jinseng business in general. In the mid-1910s, the Jinseng business soon recovered from earlier crises, and the size of their plants was enlarged. The Jinseng farm owners had annually provided the authorities with red-steamed Jinseng products since 1913, and acquired 500,000 Won every year. Their income was enormous. In the meantime, the Governor-General office obtained 1,000,000 Won every year by the said monopoly system. We can see why they were so eager to launch such system. Some of the major Jinseng producers served as influential figures in the Gaeseong regional community. Examined in this article are Son Bong-sang/孫鳳祥and Park Wu-hyeon/朴宇鉉, who were both born in the 1860s. Son Bong-sang had a rough childhood, but was raised amongst the Gaeseong merchant society`s unique reproduction system. During the Daehan Imperial period he was already a star in the Jinseng business community. He served as the President of the Jinseng Union for 20 years. `The Jinseng King` was his nickname. He was the biggest Jinseng producer of the 1910s, and raised 170,000 Won in 1921. His status in the Jinseng business at the time was absolute. In the meantime, Park Wu-hyeon was raised in a middle-class family,and inherited the business of his family, which he considerably enlarged. In 1921 he raised more than 150,000 Won, and in 1918 his property reached 500,000 Won. He was one of the central figures in the political and economic communities of the Gaeseong region during the end of the Joseon dynasty and the beginning of the Japanese Occupation period. He also actively involved himself in various companies and social organizations. The fact that he served as the Gaeseong Prefect from 1909 through 1912 alone shows his social status inside the Gaeseong region. Park was more aggressive in pursuing a political career than Son ever had. The closer he got with the Japanese Imperial authorities, he became more strongly subjected to their influences. In the 1910s he was already deeply involved in the Japanese Imperial ruling. Most of the Joseon people at the time, with the exception of a few capitalists from the early days of the Japanese Occupation period, were generally believed to have been experiencing problems both political and economic. Yet the Gaeseong region itself and the condition of the Gaeseong merchants never declined or went to bankruptcy, as we can see from the prosperity of their Jinseng business. They soon overcame the crisis, rapidly enlarged their plants and also accumulated capital. They were able to do so because they owned the product Jinseng, which managed to survive the competition with other imperial products. Yet the Gaeseong merchants sometimes differed in their political positions as well. While Park Wu-hyeon maintained a cooperative relationship with the Japanese authorities, Son Bong-sang had a much weaker relationship with the Japanese.
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