시조 종장 첫구 ‘두어라’의 淵源에 대한 小考

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article intends to explore the origin or the formation basis of dueora(두어라) which literally means to stop cease discontinue doing and end, and one of the most popular phrases that are used in the first phrase of the third line of the sijo. Briefly speaking an important conclusion, it can be said that this phrase was born of The Ending Song: It is done now forever!(亂曰已矣哉), which was generally used as a closing word in the Chuci(楚辭), specifically in Qu Yuan (屈原)'s Li Sao(離騷). It is in this reason that dueora, unlikely other phrases used in the first phrase of the third line, exercises function to reverse poetic meaning that was created in the previous two lines: for, the closing words It is done now forever! imply the meaning of discontinuity of some succeeding actions.
The expression It is done now forever! can be translated in various ways, any of which contains feeling of pathos, despair, and hopelessness of poetic speaker. After Li Sao, the function of this closing word varies in Returning to My fields with Preface(歸去來兮辭 幷序) of Tao Qian(陶潛) ; pessimistic mood of pathos and despair no more exists, rather it assumes a future-oriented optimistic color.
Except sijo poems, the first case of which this expression was used is in Yi In-ro's A Companion Piece for Tao's Returning to My Fields(和歸去來辭) and the first case of sjjo poems constitutes Yi Hyun-bo‘s Short Songs of a Fisherman(漁夫短歌), both of which succeeded to Tao's usage of this expression rather than directly succeeded directly to Qu Yuan's usage, Given that Yi Hyun-bo was one of the poets who were mostly influenced by Tao Qian, we can conclude that while reading Tao's poems, he became used to this closing expression and applied it to the composition of sijo poems in accordance with the norms of the poetic form.