KCI등재
어촌사회의 구조와 변화 = Social Structure and Change in a Fishing Village : the Case of Haeanch'on in Sōsan City
저자
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
2001
작성언어
Korean
주제어
등재정보
KCI등재
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
107-130(24쪽)
DOI식별코드
제공처
This study is about the changing structural characteristics of a fishing village, Haeancho'n, Bus?k district, S?san City, South Ch'ungchong Province. It is based on the field data jointly gathered by members of the Historical Anthropology Study Group between 1995 and 1996.
In this study, I depart from the general perspective which tends to emphasize the community oriented relationship of the fishing village contrasting with the kinship oriented relationship of the agricultural village. I insist that changing social strucuture of a fishing village is conditioned not only by its subsistence system(cf. Brandt 1971) but by its relationship with the wider social world.
In the past, Haeanch'on villagers largely depended on the shallow and deep-sea fishing. Villagers were roughly divided into two groups. One is Jee surnamed people who owned the fishing ships. The other is the poor seamen who were employed by the Jees. Unequal they might be, there was a kind of symbiotic relationship between them as shipowners and employed seamen. Their symbiotic relationship was expressed by the village ritual. Dongjae, which was sponsored by the rich Jees. Their symbiotic relationship had continued through into the 1970s when the wooden balloon ships, Jungs?nbae, changed into the steel engine ships, Angangmangbae.
S?san land reclamation works, which had been started as part of the national land development plan by the Korean National Land Development Corporation(Hanguk T'gojigonsa) brought a change to the village. Originally started by the Dong-A Construction Corporation, S?san land reclamation project was succeeded by Hyundai Construction Corporation. Hyundai built a road connecting the village to the Sosan City.
In the meantime, decline of the deep-sea fishery in the early 1970s and the venturing into the artificial fish raising enterprise by the some villagers in the 1980s had changed the symbiotic relationship between the fishing ship owners and the poor seamen. Artificial fish raising enterprise demanded an investment of a large capital and intensive family labor power. This meant that Jee surnamed people with the capital could more easily venture into the enterprise. As Jees changed their deep-sea fishing enterprise into that of the artificial fish raising, symbiotic relationship between the Jees and the poor seamen disintegrated. As more Jees participated in the fish raising enterprise, their kin solidarity began to be consolidated. At the same time, communal identity began to be important as a means of excluding people from the fish raising enterprise. Village fishmen's association, which was formed in the 1970s, gave the right to participate in the fish raising enterprise only to the "native" villagers. Division of the village residents into natives and the outsiders was a strategy of the former to exclude the latter from the access to the limited sea resources.
Conflicts between the villagers in the artificial fish raising enterprise and the Hyundai Construction Corporation over the pollution of the sea and the massive death of the fishes during the summer of 1995 recast their relationship as that of the native victims and powerful but evil outside forces. In this conflict Jees played an important role. Some of the poor seamen in the village, who had to work as casual workers on the Hyundai's reclamated farm land, were named as the sons of Jung Juyoung, then the president of the Hyundai conglomerate.
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