The effect of thermocycling on physical properties and biocompatibility of various CAD/CAM restorative materials
저자
발행사항
Cheonan : Graduate school of dankook university, 2023
학위논문사항
Thesis(Ph.D)-- Graduate school of dankook university : Department of Prosthodontics 2023. 8
발행연도
2023
작성언어
영어
DDC
617.69 판사항(23)
발행국(도시)
대한민국
기타서명
다양한 CAD-CAM 수복물의 열순환 처리에 따른 물리적 특성 및 생체적합성 연구
형태사항
ix, 62 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.
일반주기명
단국대학교 논문은 저작권에 의해 보호받습니다.
Advisor: Shin, Soo-Yeon
References: leaves 56-59
UCI식별코드
I804:11017-000000199446
소장기관
Statement of problem
The properties of different dental computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials can vary depending on the clinical situation.
Studies on the physical properties and biocompatibility of dental restorations using various CAD/CAM materials for long-term use are lacking.
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the change in physical properties and biocompatibility of CAD/CAM restorative materials after thermocycling aging.
Materials and methods
As CAD/CAM restorative materials, a total of 225 specimens in plate form (12.0×14.0×1.5 mm) were prepared from lithium disilicate glass ceramic (M; IPS e.max CAD), zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass ceramic (C; Celtra Duo), polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (E; Vita Enamic), resin-nanoceramic (S; Cerasmart), high translucency zirconia (Z; Lava Plus Zirconia).
Each type was randomly divided into three subgroups (n=25; each) according to the thermal cycling procedure: (1) stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h (control group), (2) 10,000 cycles in distilled water at 5–55 ℃(first aged group), (3) 22,000 cycles in distilled water at 5–55℃(second aged group).
The nanoindentation hardness and Young's modulus (nanoindenter), surface roughness (atomic force microscopy (AFM)), surface texture (scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM)), and elemental concentrations (energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS)) were evaluated. Contact angle was evaluated. The cultured human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) morphology, proliferation and adhesion were analyzed; cell metabolic activity/viability by CCK-8 assay and ratio of live/dead cells by fluorescence microscopy. HGF’s cell adhesion ability was measured by using immunofluorescence of adhesion-related proteins.
All data were submitted to the Shapiro-Wilk test to check the assumption of normality.
One-way ANOVA (p =.05) with Tukey HSD post hoc test and independent samples t-tests were performed to compare the nanoindentation hardness, Young’s modulus, cell viability, F-actin intensity, Talin-1 intensity before and after thermocycling aging. Kruskal-Wallis tests with Mann-Whitney U test were performed for AFM and EDS to compare the surface roughness and composition of the materials before and after thermocycling aging.
Result
Nanoindentation hardness and young’s modulus of CAD/CAM materials are lower than that of ceramic materials and decreased after thermocycling aging. Among all the materials, Cerasmart exhibited the lowest values of nanoindentation hardness and elastic modulus. All materials showed altered surface microstructures and ratios of element compositions after aging except for Cerasmart. Surface roughness showed a significant increase in all materials after aging procedure, and Cerasmart exhibited the highest Ra value, while Lava Plus zirconia had the lowest Ra value. In terms of contact angle, Lava Plus zirconia had the highest value, while Vita Enamic and Cerasmart exhibited similar contact angle patterns.
The cell viability of HGFs was high for all materials and showed a decrease with aging for the remaining material except for Lava Plus zirconia. Zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate exhibited significantly lower cell viability compared to other materials.
With aging, there was a decrease in the immunofluorescence intensity of F-actin, except for the Vita Enamic group. Additionally, in all materials, the extent of cell spreading increased when cells were cultured for 24 hours compared to the 4-hour culture period. In terms of cell adhesion, Cerasmart, Vita Enamic, and Lava Plus Zirconia showed an increase in cell adhesion after aging.
Conclusion
The results of this study demonstrated the accelerated aging procedure induced the change of physical properties of CAD/CAM materials. The nanoindentation hardness and young’s modulus were decreased after thermocycling aging. The physical properties of the materials exhibited differences before and after aging. Cell viability and proliferation of the material decreased with aging except for high translucent zirconia materials. Significant differences in cell viability of HGFs on CAD/CAM materials were observed. Zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate exhibited significantly lower cell viability compared to other materials. The surface roughness increased with aging in all groups, and resin nanoceramic showed the highest roughness, while high translucent zirconia exhibited the smoothest surface among the materials. After aging, changes in the surface microstructure, composition and hydrophilicity were observed. Cell adhesion and growth on a material surface are influenced by various factors such as surface chemical composition, hydrophilicity, roughness, and topography.
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