Fundamental concepts of educational leadership and management
저자 :
Razik, Taher A
,Swanson, Austin D
발행사항 :
Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Merrill, c1995
발행연도 :
1995
작성언어 :
영어
주제어 :
School management and organization
,Educational leadership
DDC : 371.2/00973 판사항(20)
자료형태 : 도서
발행국(도시) : New Jersey
서명/저자사항 : Fundamental concepts of educational leadership and management / Taher A. Razik, Austin D. Swanson.
판사항 : 1st ed
형태사항 : xv, 588 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.
일반주기명 : Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
소장기관 :
- 경상국립대학교 도서관
- 계명대학교 동산도서관
- 고려대학교 도서관
- 국립중앙도서관
- 단국대학교 퇴계기념도서관(중앙도서관)
- 서울교육대학교 도서관
- 성균관대학교 중앙학술정보관
- 성신여자대학교 도서관
- 창원대학교 도서관
- 한국교육학술정보원 자료실
- 한세대학교 도서관
- 소장기관 전체보기
서지정보 열기
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목차
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CONTENTS
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PARTⅠ Leadership in a Period of Dynamic Change = 1
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Chapter I Systems Theory and Educational Administration: Rediscovering the Power of Systems Thinking = 3
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Conceptualizing Systems = 4
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Development of Systems Thinking = 4
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Systems Definitions = 5
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Systems Frameworks = 7
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Properties of Systems = 10
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Organization Implications of Systems Thinking = 14
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Ground-Breaking: Early Organizational Theories = 14
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Changes in Management Roles and Contexts = 15
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Organizational Stages = 17
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Systemic Interventions = 18
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Feedback Requirements = 19
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Looking Toward the Future = 19
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Unrest in Organizations = 19
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Regulating Variety in Organizations = 21
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Metaphor and System Modeling in Educational Administration = 22
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Systems Thinking as a Wave of the Future Education = 24
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Liberating Systems Theory: The Critical Stance = 27
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Annotated Bibliography = 32
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References = 33
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Chapter 2 Leadership = 39
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Leadership or Management = 40
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Leadership Trait Theories = 41
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Behavioral Theory = 41
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Power-Influence = 44
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Leadership Styles = 49
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Contingency and Situational Theories/Models = 51
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Situational Determinants Theories/Models = 56
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Transformational/Transactional Leadership = 57
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Leadership within a Culture Context = 59
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Women in Authority = 62
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A New Paradigm for Leadership = 63
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Annotated Bibliography = 65
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References = 66
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Chapter 3 The Context for Leadership = 69
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Causes for Concern = 71
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"A Nation at Risk" = 71
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Outcomes and Demographic Considerations = 73
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The Education Reform Movement = 78
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Waves of Educational Reform = 78
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Implementing Reform = 80
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The Scope and Structure of School Governance = 83
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Historical Development of Public Education = 83
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Current Organization of School Governance = 85
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The Scope of Elementary and Secondary Schooling = 88
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Activities for Discussion = 95
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Annotated Bibliography = 97
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References = 99
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PART Ⅱ Inquiry = 103
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Chapter 4 Impact of Universal Principles, Social Expectations, and Personal Values on Leadership = 105
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Philosophical Guides to Leadership = 107
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Idealism = 108
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Liberalism = 111
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Realism, Logical Positivism, and Postpositivism = 112
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Pragmatism = 113
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Existentialism = 113
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Critical Theory = 114
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Constructivism = 115
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Two Views of the World = 116
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Values and Value Systems = 117
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Values Defined = 117
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Archetypes of Leadership = 120
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Values as Part of Organizational Cultures = 125
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Organizational Leadership: Values and Vision = 127
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Values, Democracy, and Followership = 128
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Values Analysis = 130
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Metavalues = 131
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Activities for Discussion = 138
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Annotated Bibliography = 139
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References = 140
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Chapter 5 The Process of Inquiry = 145
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Inquiry's Prelude = 145
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Inquiry Unraveled = 146
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Early Beginnings = 146
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Historical Development = 148
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Paradigms? = 149
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Positivistic and Postpositivistic Theory = 150
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Critical Theory = 151
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Interpretivistic Theory = 154
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Inquiry and Educational Administration = 158
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Quandaries of Inquiry = 159
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Inquiry Processes and the Paradigm Debates = 163
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Annotated Bibliography = 169
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References = 171
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Chapter 6 Observation and Reflection = 175
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Observation as a Function of Administration = 176
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Observation Techniques = 177
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Tactics of an Effective Observer = 178
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Assuring Quality of Data = 180
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Maximizing the Value of Observation = 181
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Reflection in Practice = 184
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Technician vs. Craftsman = 184
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A New Client-Professional Relationship = 187
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Activities for Discussion = 189
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Questions = 189
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Annotated Bibliography = 189
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References = 190
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PART Ⅲ Communication and Human Interaction = 193
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Chapter 7 Schools as Organizational Systems = 195
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Traditional Ways of Thinking about Organizations = 197
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Decisionmaking in Organizations = 200
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Power in Organizations = 201
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Culture in Organizations = 202
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Leadership in Organizations = 202
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Communication in Organizations = 203
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Size, Structure, and Complexity in Organizations = 204
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Change in Organizations = 205
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Images of Organizations = 207
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The Machine = 207
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The Organism = 208
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The Brain = 209
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Political Systems and Power = 210
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Organizations as Culture = 211
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Organizations as Psychic Prisons = 212
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Mirrors of Organizations = 213
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Mirrors of Education as Organizations = 213
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Portraits of Contemporary Schooling = 215
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Future Organizations and Schools of the Future = 218
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Annotated Bibliography = 224
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References = 225
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Chapter 8 Communication: The Breath of Organizational Life = 231
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Systemic Metaphors of Communication = 232
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Diversity in Communication Theories: A Twenty-first Century Paradox = 234
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Theory Genres in Communication = 235
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Metaphors and Assumptions in Organizational Communication = 237
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Distinguishing Features of Organizational Communication = 238
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Factors Affecting Clarity, Credibility, and Directionality of Organizational Messages = 240
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Types of Message Directionality = 243
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Other Factors Affecting Organizational Communication = 246
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A Sampling of Approaches to Organizational Communication = 247
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Structural and Functional Approaches = 247
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Behavioral Approaches = 249
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Approaches Related to the Process of Organizing = 250
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Socio-psychological Perspective on Individual Communication in Organizations = 251
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Pathways to the Future = 253
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Synthesizing Known Principles of Organizational Communication = 255
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Combining the Metaphors = 257
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Moving Forward: Potential New Directions = 260
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Annotated Bibliography = 265
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References = 266
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Chapter 9 Human Relations: The Revolving Base for Educational Leadership = 269
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Development of Human Relations Concepts = 270
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Conceptualizing Human Relations Theories = 272
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Definitions of Human Relations = 273
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Optimistic Assumptions of Human Nature = 273
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Clinical and Ethical Dimensions = 274
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The Importance of Human Needs = 274
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Human Motivation and Human Behavior = 274
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The Role of Motivation in Performance = 274
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Morale and Productivity = 275
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Significance of Informal Organizations = 275
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Application of Human Relations Concepts = 276
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Theoretical Perspectives of Human Relations Human Nature = 276
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Human Motivation = 278
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Process Models = 278
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Content Models = 282
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Common Human Needs = 283
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Motivation at Work = 285
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Morale in Organizations = 288
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Major Morale Factors = 288
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Morale, Job Satisfaction, and Productivity = 289
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Approaches to Studying Morale = 289
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Quality of Work Life = 289
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Informal Organizations = 290
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Informal Leaders = 291
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Effects of Informal Organizations = 291
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Inevitability of Informal Organizations = 292
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Human Relations Theory in Educational Administration = 292
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Democratic Educational Administration = 293
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The Human Relations Movement in Education = 293
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From Democratic Administration to Human Relations Management = 295
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Effects of the Human Relations Movement on Educational Administration = 295
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A New Frame of Leadership = 296
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A New Paradigm for Educational Leadership = 297
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A Motivational Model for Educational Leadership = 297
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Contemporary Issues in Human Relations = 303
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Annotated Bibliography = 305
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References = 306
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Chapter 10 Educational Environments = 313
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The Family = 314
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School = 317
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Culture = 317
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Peer Groups = 319
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Facilities = 321
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Technology and the Individualization of Instruction = 322
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Political-Economic Environment = 326
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The Supply Side Question = 326
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The Demand Question = 331
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Activities for Discussion = 334
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Annotated Bibliography = 335
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References = 337
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PART Ⅳ Analysis and Planning = 341
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Chapter 11 Strategic Planning = 343
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"Controlling" the Future = 344
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Models of Planning = 346
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The Structure of the Planning Process = 348
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Strategic Planning = 352
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Tactical Planning and Budgeting = 359
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Implementing Planning = 364
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Strategic Planning at the School Level = 366
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Information Systems = 369
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Some Cautions from the Private Sector = 371
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Activities for Discussion = 371
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Annotated Bibliography = 372
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References = 374
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Chapter 12 Allocation of Resources in Education = 377
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Making Allocation Decisions for Educational Services = 378
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Decisionmaking in a Mixed Economy = 380
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Equity and the Allocation of Resources = 386
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Efficiency, Adequacy and Economic Growth = 392
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External Efficiency = 393
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Internal Efficiency = 396
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Activities for Discussion = 406
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Annotated Bibliography = 406
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References = 407
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Chapter 13 Evaluation in Education: Theories, Models, and Processes = 411
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Educational Evaluation: A Brief History = 412
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Early Beginnings = 412
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Modern Development Stages = 413
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The Basic Aspects of Educational Evaluation = 414
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Definition Out of Diversity = 414
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Evaluation Modes and Purposes = 415
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Evaluation Targets and Processes = 417
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Evaluation Perspectives and Models = 419
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The Main Types of Educational Evaluation = 421
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Program Evaluation = 421
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Perspectives on Program Evaluation = 421
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Program Evaluation Approaches and Models = 422
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Examples of Program Evaluation Models = 424
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Teacher Evaluation = 427
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Perspectives on Teaching and Teacher Evaluation = 427
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Purposes of Teacher Evaluation = 430
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Teacher Evaluation Methods = 430
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Teacher Evaluation Models = 432
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Evaluation of Administration = 434
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Purposes of Administrative Evaluation = 434
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Principles of Administrative Evaluation = 435
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Administrative Evaluation Models = 436
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Standards and Requirements for Educational Evaluation = 437
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Requirements for Conducting Evaluations = 439
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The Future = 440
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Annotated Bibliography = 442
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References = 443
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PART V Decisionmaking and Change = 447
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Chapter 14 Policy Formulation = 449
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Allocation of Policymaking Authority within the Education Sector 450
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Policy Issues and Potential Decisionmakers = 451
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Centralization and Decentralization of Policymaking = 452
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Political Decisionmaking = 454
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Institutionalism = 454
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Systems Theory = 455
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Incrementatism = 456
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Group Theory = 458
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Elite Theory = 459
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Rationalism = 459
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Policy Formulation under a System of School-Based Management = 461
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Kentucky = 462
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Dade County, Florida = 462
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Chicago = 464
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A Multidistrict Analysis of SBM = 465
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Judicial Influence on Educational Policy Formulation = 466
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Activities for Discussion = 468
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Annotated Bibliography = 469
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References = 471
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Chapter 15 Decisionmaking = 475
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Approaches to Decisionmaking = 476
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Decisionmaking and Problem Solving = 477
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Group Decisionmaking = 477
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Types of Decisions = 478
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Decisionmaking Tools and Techniques = 479
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Problem Areas = 480
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Historical Underpinnings of Decision Theory = 481
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Decisionmaking Models = 484
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Normative Models = 484
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Economic Model of Decisionmaking = 485
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Expected Utility Model = 485
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Descriptive Models = 486
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Administrative Decisionmaking Model = 487
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Prospect Theory = 488
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Participative Decisionmaking = 489
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Idiographic Factors That Influence Decisionmaking = 489
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Decisionmaking Heuristics and Biases = 491
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Availability = 491
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Representativeness = 492
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Anchoring and Adjustment = 494
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Confirmation Bias = 495
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Hindsight Bias = 495
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The Implications of Systems Theory and Decision-making = 496
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Decisionmaking Implications in Educational Practice = 497
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Annotated Bibliography = 499
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References = 501
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Chapter 16 Change = 507
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Basic Issues = 507
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What is Change? = 508
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Types of Change = 509
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Resistance to Change = 510
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Theoretical Implications of Change = 512
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Strategies of Change = 513
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Models for Planned Change and Their Use = 516
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Problem Solving Models = 517
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Research-Development-Diffusion Utilization Models (RDDU) = 517
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Social Interaction Models = 518
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Linkage Models = 518
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Leadership and Change = 518
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What Is a Change Agent or Change System? = 519
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Characteristics of Effective Change Agents = 519
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Functions of Effective Change Agents = 520
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Managing Planned Change = 522
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Decisionmaking = 523
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Effecting Educational Change = 524
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Models for Educational Change = 524
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Phases of Educational Change = 525
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Effective Change Agents in Schools = 526
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Planning for a Changing Future in Education = 527
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The Fate of Educational Changes = 527
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Problematic Features of Change = 527
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Annotated Bibliography = 535
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References = 537
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PART VI Conclusion = 541
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Chapter 17 Educational Leadership = 543
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Interlinking Concepts = 543
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Traditional Role of Principal = 545
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Effective Schools and Reform Literature = 547
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Criticism of Effective Schools Research = 549
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Emerging Views of Leadership for schools = 552
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Educational Leadership as Transformative Leadership = 552
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Moral Leadership = 553
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Moral Imagination or Visioning = 554
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School Culture and Participatory Democracy = 555
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Situational Variations = 556
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Critical Theory = 557
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Leadership at the District Level = 558
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Reforming Leadership Preparation Programs = 561
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Annotated Bibliography = 563
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References = 564
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Name Index = 567
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Subject Index = 575
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