The organization of information
저자 :
Taylor, Arlene G
발행사항 :
Englewood : Libraries Unlimited, 1999
발행연도 :
1999
작성언어 :
영어
주제어 :
Information science
,Information science
,organization
,information
DDC : 020 판사항(21)
자료형태 : 도서
발행국(도시) : Colorado
서명/저자사항 : The organization of information / Arlene G. Taylor.
형태사항 : xx, 280 p.
총서사항 : Library and information science text series
일반주기명 : Includes bibliographical references and index.
소장기관 :
- 경북대학교 중앙도서관
- 고려대학교 도서관
- 공주대학교 도서관
- 국립중앙도서관
- 국회도서관
- 대구대학교 창파도서관
- 서울교육대학교 도서관
- 연세대학교 학술문화처 도서관
- 이화여자대학교 도서관
- 전북대학교 중앙도서관
- 한국교육학술정보원 자료실
- 소장기관 전체보기
서지정보 열기
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목차
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CONTENTS
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List of Figures = xv
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Preface = xvii
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Acknowledgments = xix
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1 ORGANIZATION IN HUMAN ENDEAVORS = 1
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Is There a Basic Human Need to Organize? = 1
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Why Do We Need to Organize? = 2
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Why Do We Need to Organize Information? = 2
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What Is Organization of Recorded Information? = 2
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How Is the Organization of Information Approached in Different Environments? = 6
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Libraries = 6
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Archives = 8
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Museums and Art Galleries = 9
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The Internet = 11
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Data Administration and Office Environments = 13
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Conclusion = 14
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Notes = 14
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Suggested Readings = 15
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Organization of Information in Libraries = 15
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Organization of Information in Archives／Manuscripts = 15
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Organization of Information in Museums／Art Galleries = 15
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Organization of Information in the Internet = 15
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Organization of Information in Data Administration = 16
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Offices = 16
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Data Modeling = 16
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2 Retrieval Tools = 17
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Why Do We Need Retrieval Tools? = 17
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What Are the Basic Retrieval Tools, Their Formats, and Their Functions? = 18
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Bibliographies = 18
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Catalogs = 20
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Purposes of Catalogs = 21
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Forms of Catalogs = 23
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Arrangements Within Catalogs = 25
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Indexes = 27
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Finding Aids = 29
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Registers = 31
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Databases = 31
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Bibliographic Utilities = 31
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Conclusion = 33
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Notes = 33
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Suggested Readings = 34
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3 Development of the Organization of Recorded Information In Western Civilization = 37
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Inventories, Bibliographies, Catalogs, and Codification = 37
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Antiquity = 37
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Middle Ages = 37
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European Renaissance = 40
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From Inventories to Collocating Devices = 41
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Period of Codification = 43
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Twentieth Century = 45
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Description = 45
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Subject Access = 46
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Verbal Subject Access = 46
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Classification = 47
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Special Materials = 48
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Archives = 48
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Museums and Art Galleries = 49
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Subject Access to Special Materials = 49
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Mechanization of Bibliography = 50
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The Documentation Movement = 50
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Library Automation = 52
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Conclusion = 52
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Notes = 53
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Suggested Readings = 54
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4 Encoding Standards = 57
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How Do We Encode Records? = 57
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Why Do We Encode Records? = 58
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What Are Examples of Standards for Coding Records That Are Currently in Use? = 58
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MARC (MAchine Readable Cataloging) = 59
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USMARC = 63
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UNIMARC = 64
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SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) = 65
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DTD (Document Type Definition) = 65
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XML (Extensible Markup Language) = 73
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Warwick Framework = 73
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Conclusion = 74
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Notes = 74
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Suggested Readings = 75
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5 Metadata : Description = 77
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What Is a Bibliographic／Surrogate／Metadata Record? = 78
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How Are Surrogate Records Created? = 78
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ISBD (International Standard Bibliographic Description) = 80
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Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition 1988 revision (AACR2r) = 82
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Archival APPM (Archives, Personal Papers, and Manuscripts) Records = 85
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TEI (Text Encoding Initiative) Headers = 86
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The Dublin Core = 87
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GILS (Government Information Locator Service) Records = 89
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FGDC (Federal Geographic Data Committee) Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata = 93
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VRA (Visual Resources Association) Core Categories for Visual Resources = 93
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EAD (Encoded Archival Description) = 94
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Crosswalks = 95
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Index Records = 95
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On-the-Fly Records = 95
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Museum Accession Records = 97
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How Does the Environment Affect the Way a Surrogate Record Is Created? = 97
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Conclusion = 97
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Notes = 98
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Suggested Readings = 99
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6 Metadata : Access and Access Control = 103
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Choice of Access Points = 104
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Primary Access Point = 104
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Main Entry Controversy = 106
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Justification for Main Entry = 107
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AACR2 Principles for Choosing Main Entry = 114
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Additional Access Points = 117
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Access (Authority) Control = 117
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Headings for Access Points = 119
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Principles for Choice of Personal Name = 120
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Principles for Form of Personal Name = 121
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Principles for Entry Word and Remaining Structure of Personal Name = 122
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Principles for Choice of Corporate Name = 123
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Principles for Entry Word and Form of Heading for Corporate Names = 124
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Principles for Choice of Uniform Title = 125
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Principles for Arrangement of Uniform Titles = 125
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International Access (Authority) Control = 126
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Conclusion = 128
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Notes = 128
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Suggested Readings = 129
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7 Verbal Subject Analysis = 131
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Subject Analysis Process = 132
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Exhaustivity = 135
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identification of Concepts = 137
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Topics Used As Subject Concepts = 137
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Names Used As Subject Concepts = 140
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Chronological Elements As Subject Concepts = 141
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The Concept of Form As Subject = 142
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Translating Concepts into Index Terms = 143
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Controlled Vocabulary = 143
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Controlled Vocabulary Problems = 144
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Specific vs. General = 145
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Synonymous Concepts = 145
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Word Form for One-word Terms = 145
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Sequence and Form for Multiword Terms and Phrases = 146
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Homographs and Homophones = 147
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Qualification of Terms = 147
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Abbreviations and Acronyms = 148
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Popular vs. Technical = 148
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Subdivision of Terms = 148
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Precoordination vs. Postcoordination = 149
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General Principles for Applying Controlled Vocabulary Terms = 149
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Literary Warrant = 149
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Specific Entry = 150
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Direct Entry = 150
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Number of Terms Assigned = 151
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Concept Not in Controlled Vocabulary = 151
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Index Terms for Names = 151
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Kinds of Controlled Vocabularies = 151
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Subject Heading Lists = 152
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Thesauri = 156
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Natural Language Processing (NLP) = 158
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Ontologies = 160
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Keywords = 163
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WordNet = 164
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Conclusion = 166
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Notes = 167
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Suggested Readings = 169
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LCSH = 170
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Sears = 170
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MESH = 170
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AAT = 171
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ERIC = 171
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NLP and Ontologies = 171
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8 Classification = 173
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Classification Theory = 174
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Classical Theory of Categories = 174
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Prototype Theory = 176
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Hierarchical, Enumerative, and Faceted Classifications = 176
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Classification Schemes = 181
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Classification Concepts = 181
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Broad vs. Close Classification = 182
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Classification of Knowledge vs. Classification of a Particular Collection = 183
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Integrity of Numbers vs. Keeping Pace with Knowledge = 184
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Fixed vs. Relative Location = 185
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Classification Concepts (continued) Closed vs. Open Stacks = 186
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Location Device vs. Collocation Device = 187
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Classification of Serials vs. Alphabetic Order of Serials = 187
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Classification of Monographic Series = 189
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Classification of the Internet = 189
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Artificial Neural Networks (ANNS) = 192
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Conclusion = 194
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Notes = 194
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Suggested Readings = 195
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Classification in General = 195
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Specific Classification Schemes = 196
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Dewey Decimal Classification = 196
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LC Classification = 197
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Universal Decimal Classification = 197
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Colon Classification = 197
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Other = 197
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Classification and the Internet = 198
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Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) = 198
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9 Arrangement and Display = 199
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Arrangement of Physical Information Packages = 199
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Libraries = 199
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Archives = 201
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Arrangement of Intangible Information Packages = 202
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Arrangement of Surrogates (Metadata) = 203
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Filing History = 203
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General Rules for Arrangement = 204
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Filing／Display Dilemmas = 206
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Conclusion = 208
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Notes = 209
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Suggested Readings = 209
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Arrangement of Information-Bearing Entities = 209
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Libraries = 209
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Archives = 210
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Internet = 210
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Arrangement of Bibliographic／Surrogate Records = 210
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10 System Design = 211
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How Does System Design Relate to the Organization of Information? = 211
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How Can Existing Systems Be Used and Interpreted Effectively? = 212
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What Suggestions for Improving Current Systems and What New Systems Have Been Proposed for the Organization of Information? = 219
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Standard Interfaces and Z39.50 = 220
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Labels and Brief Displays = 221
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Exploitation of MARC = 222
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Browsing = 222
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Spelling Correction = 223
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Controlled Vocabulary and Classification = 223
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Conclusion = 224
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Notes = 224
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Suggested Readings = 225
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Conclusion = 227
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Notes = 228
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Appendix : Subject Analysis Application = 229
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Glossary = 233
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Index = 255
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