警察서비스에 대한 市民滿足度 硏究 = (A)study on citizen satisfaction with police services
저자
발행사항
서울: 東國大學校, 2006
학위논문사항
발행연도
2006
작성언어
한국어
주제어
KDC
350.7 판사항(4)
DDC
353.36 판사항(21)
발행국(도시)
서울
형태사항
vi, 192 p.; 26 cm
일반주기명
권말부록으로 "설문지" 수록
참고문헌: p. 171-184
DOI식별코드
소장기관
Role of police is defined the three functions that are comprised of law enforcement, service delivery and order maintenance. Of the three, service delivery to public is increasing day by day since police is focusing on community-oriented policing that is requested to rendering more and better services to citizens and to smooth relations with community. Public service in policing can be categorized as human service, emergency service, license, information, resolution of dispute and conflict, lost and found, safety service in general, and the traffic service.
In view of trend of police administration, in the past years police administration concentrated on crime-prevention instead of citizen-satisfaction. Resources and budget of police are limited but people in general demand more services from police as well as more expectations. In this regard, quality is very important not only to meet people’s expectation but also to attain productivity of police organization.
However, it is not easy to get performance as planned. Because services are intangible, heterogeneous, invisible, fluctuating, latent and labour intensive comparing with products. Of these characteristics, service is much concerned with human relations, not focusing on serving itself.
Instinctively, there is a close relationship between satisfaction and quality. If we satisfied, the service must have been perceived and experienced as a high-quality service. If this is the case, all that is needed is to satisfy consumers, and quality is automatically assured. In order to enhance service quality in policing, the following five factors are suggested to be important such as service orientation in police organization, policemen’s respectability for citizen, fairness in policing, leadership in police management and policemen’s behavior.
There are many ways how to measure service quality but here ‘public service quality model’, SERVQUAL is adopted that is developed by Parasuraman, Zeithaml. Berry and is composed of the five evaluation variables such as responsiveness, empathy, kindness, reliability and tangibles.
The model for analysis is composed of the three domains. The first domain includes the independent variables that composed by social, demographic, regional factors such as age, income, education, gender and residence as well as citizen’s experience in policing, in policemen’s respectability for citizens, and in policemen’s fairness for citizens. The middle domain is composed of the five evaluation variables of police service quality such as responsiveness, empathy, kindness, reliability and tangibles. The last domain is a dependant variable, citizens’ satisfaction with police services..
The model of analysis has four purposes for research. The first purpose of the study is how much can the social, demographic, regional factors influence on the degrees of citizens’ satisfaction with police services. The second purpose of study is how much can citizens’ experience in policing, in policemen’s respectability for citizens, and in policemen’s fairness for citizens influence on citizens’ satisfaction with police services. The third purpose of the study is how much can the five evaluation variables of police service quality influence on citizens’ satisfaction with police services. The fourth purpose of the study is how much can the five evaluation variables of police service quality and citizens’ experience in policing, in policemen’s respectability for citizens, and in policemen’s fairness for citizens influence on citizens’ satisfaction with police services.
For the survey, 500 copies of questionnaire were distributed to the citizens who are living in Seoul, Korea and 474 copies were returned. The collection ratio showed 94.8%.
The results of the survey are summarized as follows. Gender and age hypothesis are adopted in accordance with p<0.01. In case of gender, women are more satisfied with police services than men and in age the old ones are more did than the younger people. The levels of education as well as income were not consisted of the hypothesis. The regional characteristics’ hypothesis is not adopted but the people who are living over Han River to North in Seoul are generally satisfied with the police service than the people who are living under Han River to South in Seoul. The citizens’ experience of police services does not show any consistence to satisfaction with police services. But citizens’ experience with policemen’s respectability and citizens' experience with policemen’s fairness are closely related to the sense of citizens’ satisfaction with police services. The five evaluation variables of police service quality influence on citizens’ satisfaction with police services in significance except kindness and the hypothesis is adopted. The five evaluation variables of police service quality and citizens’ experience in policing, in policemen’s respectability, and in policemen’s fairness influence on citizens’ satisfaction with police services in significance: respectability, fairness, empathy, tangibles(p<0.01) and responsiveness(p<0.05). of the model 0.615. In cases of Β coefficients, tangibles is .233, empathy .203, fairness .181, respectability .180, responsiveness .106, reliability .089 and kindness .036 respectively.
In relation to the citizens’ satisfaction versus unsatisfaction with police services citizens showed they are unsatisfied with the police services in general. The gap between citizens’ perception and performance of police services relies on the five evaluation variables of police service quality; responsiveness, empathy, kindness, reliability and tangibles. But path dependent such as police image in Japanese colonial era, leading role for ruling parties, oppression in human rights, police character for compulsory are believed to influence bad for citizens’ judgment.
How to upgrade the quality of police services is quite difficult to be attained but that leads not only the way to reform of police services but organization development of police. The study recommends the following steps in order to upgrade the quality of police service. The first step is to upgrade quality of policemen’s human services. In order to attain the goal, policemen should to obey to rule of law and to be familiar with wide range of scientific skills and tools for improvement of quality. The second step is for policemen to be highly alert to function of safety in general because a primary role of police is to protect lives and properties of people. The third step is to secure kindness for police services, in particular in front line service to the public. The fourth step is to distribute police resources such as personnel, budget and equipment in accordance with priorities of works because public service is increasing. The fifth is to set up market oriented strategies and focus on customer satisfaction.
The study has some kinds of limits and recommends further research in the future. The first recommendation is to find further review for regional gap for police service among a metropolitan city, a middle sized-city and a small village. The second is concerned with a relationship between police service and political support and cost-benefit analysis for tax. The third is to compare SERVQUAL model and the other models to check possible differences. The fourth is related to survey to policemen to examine the above mentioned five factors that are quite supposed to be linked with the quality of police service such as service orientation in police organization, policemen’s respectability for citizen, fairness in policing, leadership in police management and policemen’s behavior. The last is to study further in this kind of area because of weakness in this academic field.
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