부동산 가치평가 모형의 적용실태와 문제점에 관한 연구
Generally speaking, people think that real estate is an asset that is combined with land and buildings. By the narrow definition, however, real estate means real property that just has proprietary rights. So, the meaning of real estate commonly contains four viewpoints: physical, economic, legal, and financial lateral.
By the way, the contemporary trend of Korea's real estate market is that its market is more reinforced with relating to the capital market than any other time after IMF. For examples, Korean administration introduces the law of Asset- Backed Securitization to promote the clearing off the bankrupted bonds firstly. Secondly, it also establishes the Act of Mortgage-Backed Securitization For Company. Thirdly, general investors have changed their concept of possession of real estate into the idea of using it.
In addition, within a company, real estate has been importantly correlated from the beginning to the clearing the company. For examples, it is a very important security to aid capital into the company. Secondly, it is used as a resource to produce goods or services. Thirdly, by the revaluation on its assets, a company can advance financial construction and then enjoy tax shield-effect through the depreciation cost.
In this situation, the evaluation of real estate will be more momentous. So, this paper will be focused on the three evaluation models on real estate. To get this goal, it will be researched on the strong and weak points of each evaluation model firstly. Secondly, A survey on applying each price model and the present state of trade price will be investigated. Lastly, the problems of applying each model and peculiarity will be searched by comparing preceding examination to the survey and the tendency of present trade price.
Chapter2 and Chapter3 are summarized as fallow.
Firstly, the strong points of the pricing model of Market Approach are to be used in all the real estates and be regarded as more rational method than any other way between the exchangers. The weak points of it, however, are to select a sample to be compared, regulate point of time equally, and control the condition of exchanging. These things are very hard to most valuers.
Secondly, the strong points of the evaluating model of Cost Approach are to be rational and logical because of less depending on valuer's subjectivity than any other way. So, this method is often used to determine the basis of taxation and insurance, assess the value of depreciation asset, and evaluate the assets that don't have earning rate or marketability. On the other hand, it will be weak point that cost approach doesn't consider earning rate and marketability. When they assume the replacement and depreciation cost, many of the assessors will have many difficulties.
Thirdly, the strong point of the pricing model of Income Approach is to reflect the investor's behaviors best. So, this method is usually utilized to analyse the invest decision or the adequacy of developing real estate. On the contrary, it is focused more on finding subjectivity value than on determining fair price. In addition, experts say that forecasting future revenue and estimating earning ratio are hardest work. All the previous contents are summarized as table-1 and table-2.
The weak points of it, however, are to select a sample to be compared, regulate time, and assess the condition of exchanging.
Chapter4 is abridged as follow.
Firstly, Investors buy a real estate as a viewpoint of middle period investment. Secondly, like an investor investing in bond or stock, some investors investing in or speculating about real estate prefer liquidity of their assets. So, liquidity will be contained as a factor of pricing models. Thirdly, buyers and sellers will use their preferable pricing model and indicate each price for own's profit. So, a buyer favors to estimate own's asset from case-comparing capitalization or income capitalization and a seller likes to evaluate own's assets from income capitalization.
Fourthly, most valuers think that when they estimate a specific estate by using Income Approach, the most gigantic problem is generally to predict the future income. The hugest difficulty of using Cost Approach Method is to estimate replacement and depreciation cost. Generally, replacement cost is estimated by Unit-Comparison Method and depreciation cost is conjectured by Market- Extraction Method. The most immense hurdle of using Market Approach is to compare indeterminate quantities such as real property, operation state, earning rate, and etc.
Fifthly, the variations affecting the price of commercial residence buildings are deeply related to the factors connected to the earning rate of lease. Furthermore, investors think that the elements affecting earning rate in a short period are more important than those in a long period.
The contents analyzed in actual trade state are summed up as follow.
Firstly, there is a suitable size of a site preferring a buyer. So, the size of a site can be a factor of pricing model. Secondly, except some specific areas, the relation between the size of a site and the current of cash generally has low plus correlation. Thirdly, ordinary buyers don't have sufficient information, so they can't forecast future revenue and operating expenses. Therefore, they can hardly evaluate an estate on the earning ratio.
Fourthly, the psychological factors of inhabitants can be elements affecting price. Fifthly, the price valued by case-comparing capitalization is generally higher than that valued by cost capitalization. Sixthly, the gap between the price estimated by cost capitalization and the price by case-comparing capitalization will grow larger and larger as time flows. Those contents will be abridged as table-3 and table-4.
As a result, as theorists insist , Market Approach pricing model is frequently used in evaluating and exchanging estate in real state, because it is easy to use it and both buyers and sellers accept it validly. Each pricing model, however, has each weak and strong point, so it is impossible to find an exact price of a thing to be evaluated.
Moreover, each pricing model can't consider or contain all factors affecting price and estimate the correlative importance of each element, so most valuers may consider these factors simply. Therefore, coming studies will be focused on searching the contribution of each factor and ranking it. In addition, the study, that the power of negotiation affects to making price, will be necessary.
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