韓國 近代 公文書의 形成과 變化에 관한 硏究 = (A) Study on the formation and change of Korea modern times' official documents
저자
발행사항
城南 : 韓國學中央硏究院, 2007
학위논문사항
학위논문(박사) -- 韓國學中央硏究院 韓國學大學院 , 古文獻管理學 專攻 , 2007. 2
발행연도
2007
작성언어
한국어
주제어
DDC
352.387 판사항(21)
발행국(도시)
경기도
형태사항
9, 249 p. : 삽도 ; 26 cm.
일반주기명
부록수록
지도교수: 박병호
참고문헌: p.211-223
소장기관
This paper studied the formation and change of official documents from Gabo(甲午) Reform to Daehan(大韓) Empire. It is through official documents that the communication was performed to operate the upper and lower classes of state organizations systemically. Main official documents, the artery of state, had their forms, drawing-up guidance, handling processes, management systems, etc in form of law, or observed by custom.
More than 500 years old official document system got to change due to the policies of Gabo(甲午) Reform and Daehan(大韓) Empire, replacing even the root of Joseon's official document system. At that time the official document system had tradition and discontinuation in complex manner with multiple crossing of change and continuation, showing various aspects of changes.
This paper stated the effect and change of modern times' official documents in respect to their forms and characteristics, and looked into the their system and laws with revealing how main official documents were created and evolved.
System transition and Reform policy to modern state were preceded in direction of today's official document system. Looking into the change, document handling regulation was provided in detail, the organization wholly responsible for documents was established and drawing-up method also changed with the use of unique chronological era use, solar calendar, standardized form, Korea & Chinese mixed writing and new signature. Standardization and miniaturization changed not only the shape of documents but enhanced the efficiency of documentary administration dramatically, which became the basis of transition to the original document binding system. Of course, Japan had a great effect on new official document system. By understanding the role of Japanese councilor and the Residency-General's command on the system, overall characters of such system can be estimated.
Then, comparative analysis was made between the kinds and forms of King sanction document, cabinet sanction documents and other official documents used daily in government offices with real documents. In the course of these analysis, analysis on official document form, which will be the premise of official document making, was tried. Especially, attention was given to the change of Royal appointment letters among King sanction document.
People related official documents including land/house authentication document, lawsuit document and census register were reviewed. These documents were made by people but verified by officials, functioning as a public documents. They, being a method for state system reform and ruling people, should be studied as a kind of national policy and volition. Above official documents also, to set up modern system, showed various changing aspects according to periods. Especially, bill of house sale in Hanseong(漢城) and Gaque(家儈), a kind of licensed real asset agent, are evidences for modern aspect that demonstrates the commercialization of land. At October 1901, Hanseong(漢城) City authorities entrusted Hanseong(漢城) Company with power to approve the matters related to land sale, house sale, pawn, pawned article disposal and Gaque(家儈). That shows the Gaque(家儈) was not a simple real asset agent but a subordinate administrative organization.
Lawsuit document also needed change to establish modern judiciary system. Several former petitions, divided by classes, were standardized in uniformly through the lawsuit document form enacted at April 1895. This reflects not only external uniformity but also the legal relation of social positions clearly. And newly appeared scrivener and scrivener's office took important parts in lawsuit document making, which was examined through real documents.
Next consideration was given to the form, making process and characters of census card and Tong table. Joseon dynasty's hundreds years old census system was reformed in overall by 「Census Regulation」 and 「Census bylaws」 at September 1896. As an example of dramatic transition of ruling system, newly adapted census form and entry method became a basic material that shows the aspect of personal ruling at that time.
Residency-General made up the basis for colony ruling by totally commanding the official document system of Daehan(大韓) Empire. On the establishment of Residency-General, new property certificate was issued, based on 「Land/house certification regulation」. Residency-General promulgated land/house certification system in the name of Daehan(大韓) Empire, introducing new land ownership by reorganizing Joseon's traditional system and Daehan(大韓) Empire's system. In that, unfamiliar Japanese terms replaced existing traditional terms. In fact, Residency-General used new certification system to protect the Japanese land possession, and attempted identifying taxpayers before Land Survey Work to secure the basis of colonial finance. Such attempt was to reorganize existing land tax collecting system and needed to make people submit written declarations of land, etc.
New judiciary system was also forced by Residency-General by promulgating new law in 1908, consisting three chapter 177 articles. The provisions were based on Japan Civil Proceedings Acts and somewhat adjusted to Korea specific situations. Among those provisions, details for lawsuit document making show well the characteristics of modern official documents. Census document was also changed completely to Japanese style.
In sum, the direct cause that resulted the historic change of official document after Gabo(甲午) Reform was very the state policy and system. The change and characteristics of official documents after Gabo(甲午) Reform showed totally different aspect with traditional system and some tendency that the system had been complemented passing Daehan(大韓) Empire period as it was based on standardization and efficiency. The official documents formed at that time have significant meaning in that they have exerted influence through Japanese imperialism period and even to present time.
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