고등학생용 진로자기효능감 향상 프로그램 개발 = The Development of Career Self-Efficacy Enhancement Program for High School Students.
The present study attempted to develop a career self-efficacy enhancement program for high school students(CSEEP-H). In this study, career self- efficacy was defined as individual's confidence in his/her ability to perform the career-related tasks such as 'career research', 'career decision making', and 'career performance'. Career self-efficacy in this investigation was operationally defined as the total scores on the three domains of the career self-efficacy scale(Park & Kim, 2006).
The concept of career self-efficacy refers to the integration of Bandura's self-efficacy theory with career development by Betz and Hackett(1981). The self-efficacy is one's beliefs in one's capabilities to successfully engage in a specific area of behavior, which can be improved using four sources of efficacy information. The sources of the information, which can be used to increase self-efficacy, are performance accomplishments, vicarious learning, emotional arousal, and social persuasion & encouragement.
The topic of the study was as follows.
Was the career self-efficacy enhancement program developed properly?
The sub-topics of the study were as follows.
1. Was the career self-efficacy enhancement program constructed properly?
2. Will the career self-efficacy enhancement program group increase the degree of career self-efficacy more effectively than the career counseling program group?
2-1. Will the career self-efficacy enhancement program group increase the degree of overall career self-efficacy more effectively than the career counseling program group?
2-2. Will the career self-efficacy enhancement program group increase the scores in the subareas(‘career research’, ‘career decision making’, and ‘career performance’) of career self-efficacy more effectively than the career counseling program group?
2-3. Will the career self-efficacy enhancement program group increase the scores in the career attitude maturity more effectively than the career counseling program group?
In order to enhance career self-efficacy for high school students, the career self-efficacy enhancement program for high school students (CSEEP-H) was developed, based on Bandura's self-efficacy theory, Ellis's rational emotive behavior therapy(REBT), Super's career development theory, and group counseling theory. The interventions based on self-efficacy theory are particularly useful as a means of enhancing career self-efficacy and career attitude maturity, increasing career options, increasing success and possibilities for advancement and enrichment in chosen or new careers. The interventions based on Ellis's REBT are particularly useful as a means of decreasing the irrational belief, enhancing career self-efficacy and career attitude maturity, all of which were core variables of career development.
The career self-efficacy enhancement program for high school students (CSEEP-H) was developed based on the career self-efficacy program development model, The procedures were as follows: ‘analysis of need’, ‘formulation of goal and objective’, ‘analysis of preceeding program’, ‘selection and construction of content’, ‘production or selection of instrument’, ‘embodiment of program’, ‘implementation of preparatory program’, ‘evaluation and revision of program’, ‘implementation of program’, and ‘evaluation of program’.
The career self-efficacy enhancement program was made up of 12 sessions, 90 minutes per session.
In order to verify the effect of CSEEP-H which was developed in the present study, 402 first grade students in W High School in Daegu Metropolitan City completed the career self-efficacy scale for high school students(CSES; Park & Kim, 2006). The 36 students who were within 20 percent of the low rank in the CSES score and wanted to participate in the program were randomly alloted into three groups, treatment group 1(career self-efficacy enhancement program group), treatment group 2(career counseling program group), and the control group, with 12 students in each group. Each student of the treatment groups participated in the program, 2∼3 days per week, 2∼3 sessions in a day, a total of 12 sessions, 90 minutes per session. The students of the control group had no treatment.
The career self-efficacy scale for high school students(Park & Kim, 2006) and career attitude maturity test(Lee, 1997) were used as a measuring instrument, the career self-efficacy enhancement program and career counseling program were used as an experimental instrument.
In the statistical analysis, 30 data were finally used, except the data of 6 subjects, who were not participated in the program, or who were not peformed the career self-efficacy scale and career attitude maturity test after the program.
To verify the effect of programs, Multivariate repeated-measure analysis was conducted. The program used for data analysis was SPSS 12.0 for Windows and the significance level for hypothesis testing was set at .05.
The results were as follows. The treatment group 2 was significantly higher than the control group in the level of overall career self-efficacy. Treatment group 1 was significantly higher than treatment group 2 in the degree of overall career self-efficacy and in subareas such as 'career research' and 'career performance', except 'career decision making'. And the treatment group 2 was significantly higher than the control group in the level of career attitude maturity and treatment group 1 was significantly higher than treatment group B in the degree of career attitude maturity.
In conclusion, it showed that the career self-efficacy enhancement program for high school students was developed properly.
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