탐색중심 유아 동작교육 프로그램 개발 및 효과 = (The) development and effects of a movement education program based on exploration for young children
본 연구의 목적은 탐색중심 유아 동작교육 프로그램을 개발하고 그 효과를 분석하는 것이다. 이러한 목적을 수행하기 위해 본 연구에서는 유치원 동작교육에 대한 교사의 인식 및 실태를 조사하기 위한 조사연구와 탐색중심 유아 동작교육 프로그램 개발에 관한 연구, 그리고 개발한 프로그램의 현장 적용 적합성을 검증하는 연구로 구분지어 연구를 수행하였다. 결론적으로 유치원 동작교육에 대한 교사의 인식과 유치원 실태는 교사 배경 변인에 따라 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한 시각적 청각적 탐색 과정을 기본 교수-학습방법으로 하고 ‘운동 훈련 활동’과 ‘창의적 신체 표현 활동’을 통합원리에 근거하여 균형 있게 활동을 통합하여 개발한 ‘탐색중심 유아 동작교육 프로그램’은 유아의 운동능력, 체력, 음악적성, 사회성 증진에 효과적인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 결과는 본 연구에서 개발한 ‘탐색중심 유아 동작교육 프로그램’은 유아교육 현장 타당도가 높음으로 교육현장에 적용할 수 있는 효과적인 동작교육 프로그램임을 입증한 결과라고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 유아의 전인적 발달을 통합적으로 수행할 수 있는 ‘탐색중심 유아 동작교육 프로그램’을 유아교육 현장에 적극적으로 적용할 것을 기대한다.
더보기The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of 'Movement Education Program based on Exploration for young children' and to develop 'Movement Education Program based on Exploration for young children'. There are three ways to accomplish this purpose. First it investigated teachers' awareness and the status of movement education in kindergartens. Second, this study developed a 'Movement Education Program based on Exploration for young children'. Third, this study analyzed the effects of a 'Movement Education Program based on Exploration for young children' on children's motor development, health-related fitness, intelligence, music audiation, and representative ability in art and social behaviors.
The research questions selected in this study are as follows:
1. What are the teachers' awareness and the status of movement education in kindergartens.
2. How should the Movement Education Program be developed based on exploration for young children?
3. What are the effects of the Movement Education Program based on Exploration for young children?
The purpose of the question 1 was to examine differences among the groups(the types of institution(private or public) worked by teacher, teacher's age, career, and education as well as the type of class teacher according to children's age). To answer question 1, based on prior literature and research, a questionnaire was developed to investigate teachers' awareness and the status of movement education in kindergartens with respect to the children's movement education. Validity of the questionnaire was verified by kindergarten teachers and early childhood education professors. It used the questionnaire in collection of data. The subjects used in this study were 247 kindergarten teachers. Frequency, percentage, and χ² test were used to analyze the data.
To answer question 2, the Movement Education Program based on Exploration for young children was developed through a combination of the results of the question 1, observation and assessment of movement education in kindergartens, and discussions with professors, specialists, and early child teachers. The Movement Education Program based on Exploration for young children was developed by the integration principle of this study. The 'Exercise Training Program' and 'Physical Expression Program' were integrated into the 'Movement Education Program based on Exploration for young children'. In question 2, the purpose and objectives, the contents, the teaching and learning methods, and the assessment methods were organized for the Movement Education Program based on Exploration for young children.
In question 3, it analyzed the effects of the 'Movement Education Program based on Exploration' on children's motor development, health-related fitness, intelligence, music audiation, and representative ability in art and social behaviors. The subjects used in this study were 89 young children who attended one kindergarten in G City. The mean age of the subjects was 75.43 months. The subjects were randomly assigned to one experimental group and two control groups among three classes. Experimental group took part in the 'Movement Education Program based on Exploration for young children'. Control groupⅠ participated in the 'Exercise Training Program', while control groupⅡ were participants in the 'Physical Expression Program'. Motor Proficiency Test for Young Children (MPTYC), Physical Fitness Test for Korean Young Children (PFTKYC), Korean Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC), the Primary Measures of Music Audiation (PMMA), and the representative ability test in Art and Bronson Social/Mastery Behavior Inventory were used in collection of the data. The experiment was conducted through 15 sessions for five weeks from 5th November, 2007 to 7th December , 2007, and 3 times in a week. ANOVA and Scheffe were used to analyze the data.
The results of this study can be summarized as follows:
First, the results of this study, question 1, indicated that there were significant differences among the groups in the teachers' awareness and the status of movement education in kindergartens with respect to the children's movement education. The greater the teacher's age, career, and education, the more they conducted movement activities.
Teachers was aware of health-related fitness as an important element of the movement education but basic movement activity was conducted more than other movement activities in kindergarten. Even though movement education was conducted mostly by kindergarten teachers, but they need gymnastics specialist sometimes. Movement education was also conducted once a week for 10 or 30 minutes.
Teachers answered that 10-20 children participating in movement activities are appropriate and they conducted movement education integrated with one or two other education areas. The main teaching and learning method is exploration. Teachers mainly used exploration as a teaching and learning method, and used modeling by teacher as motivation. Teachers chose the theme based on 'life theme' and established the education plan of movement according to the kindergarten curriculum. The assessment of movement education was conducted through talking with children during circle time(large-group discussion activities). And teachers feel the need appropriate teaching aids in the movement education.
Second, based on the results of question 1 and theoretical research, the 'Movement Education Program based on Exploration for young children', 'Exercise Training Program', and 'Physical Expression Program' were developed. The Movement Education Program based on Exploration for young children was developed by integrating with the 'Exercise Training Program' and 'Physical Expression Program'. The objectives of the Program was to increase basic motor ability, creative expression, cognitive development and social ability, and physical fitness. The teaching method of the 'Movement Education Program based on Exploration' was exploration through visual and hearing senses. And according to kindergarten daytime, another teaching model was developed based on the stages of exploring, identifying, reinforcing, integrating and reflecting.
Third, it was revealed that there were significant differences among experimental and control groups in the post-test scores. The post-test scores of motor development, health-related fitness, intelligence, music audiation, and social behaviors of young children who were treated by the 'Movement Education Program based on Exploration for young children' (experimental group) were significantly higher than other children's scores(control group 1 and 2). These results indicated that the Movement Education Program based on Exploration for young children is more effective than the 'Exercise Training Program' and 'Physical Expression Program'.
In conclusion, teachers' awareness and the status of movement education in kindergartens with respect to children's movement education significantly differed among the groups. The results of this study strongly indicated that the Movement Education Program based on Exploration for young children developed in this study is an effective means of enhancing young children's motor development, health-related fitness, intelligence, music audiation, and social behaviors, but not representative ability in art. The results suggest that 'Movement Education program based on Exploration for young children' should be applied to early childhood education settings.
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