新羅王京의 成立과 擴張에 관한 硏究 : 도로유구와 기와건물지를 중심으로 = A study the Realization and Extension of The Capital of the Silla Kingdom
The Capital of the Silla Kingdom has been researched since the period of Japan's occupation by force. The tendency of the Research on the Capital of the Silla Kingdom has focused on the restoration of city. But recently, the Research on the Realization and Development of the Capital of the Silla Kingdom is much progressing also.
This dissertation, based on the achievement of the research until now, investigates the time when the capital was realized, the location where the core was built on and how the capital was developed. This researches them, centered on the road vestiges and the kiwa-tile-edifices, in three divided eras which are the era of the realization, the era of the first extension and the era of the second extension. First of all, the definition of the Capital of the Kingdom is the center of the Politics and the Culture at that time. It is guessed that the royal families and the nobel families mainly lived in it and the range of it is the area where the road vestiges and the kiwa-tile-edifices were found plentifully, almost coincide with GyeongJu city at the present time. There are around 20 places where the road vestiges were excavated in GyeongJu city until now. They are divided into the two directions, one accords with the Magnetic North, the other is inclined 8degrees from the Magnetic North to the east. The road vestiges to accord with the Magnetic North were found just in the neighborhood of Hwangryongsa Temple site and the others, found in the west, the south and the north of GyeongJu city, inclined 8degrees from the Magnetic North to the east. It is very clear that Hwangryongsa Temple site and Bunhwangsa Temple were established at the first time because the left side of the two temples accord with the Magnetic North. Especially Hwangryongsa Temple site was planed as the site for the Palace and changed into the site for the temple. This is one of the representatives among Silla's temples which were established in the middle of 6th Century. Therefore the Capital of the Silla Kingdom was realized at the same time when Hwangryongsa Temple was established and the realm of it seems where the road vestiges, accord with the Magnetic North, were found.
The first extension was started at the same time of the Unification of three kingdoms. The reason seems that the population was rapidly increasing, informations and goods were converging on the capital. The new palace was established at the time of the unification. It is estimated that the site of it was Jeonranggi at present. The left side of Jeonranggi inclined 6degrees from the Magnetic North to the east. It is differ just 1-2degrees from the road vestiges which were found in the west and the north of GyeongJu city. Besides there is the relic, the kiwa-tile in which ‘儀鳳四年皆土’ was carved , proved that a large scale construction was accomplished at that time. These tiles were excavated in Anapgi, Walsung and Najeong, etc. The places where the relics were excavated means to be built in the era of the first extension. According to the evidences, the first extension of the Capital of the Silla Kingdom was accomplished with the establishment of the new palace at the same time of the unification. the realm is estimated, not exceeded beyond the northern river, to Posukjeong with Najeoung in the south. The fact that the first extension was not exceeded beyond the northern river shows that the defences against the flood was lack in the north of the northern river until that time.
It is estimated that the second extension of the Capital of the Silla Kingdom was started from the beginning of the 8th century and was completed to the middle of that century, the estimated time when the defence against the flood in the north of the northern was completed. The reason is that the road vestiges and the kiwa-tile-edifices, investigated in the north of the northern river were later than AD 700 and Limcheon Temple, Dongcheon Temple and others in Bukcheon were later than AD 700 also. Any more record on the flood in GyeongJu was not found in the records about the flood in Samkuksagi after AD 703. It says that the defence against the flood in the north of the northern river was almost completed in the beginning of the 8th century. Moreover according to the record of the age of Wonsung king in Samkuksagi and Samkukyusa, Kim Ju Won, the first successor of the throne at that time, lived in the north of the norther river. It means that the system of the city in the north of the norther river was completed as good as the nobles could live. Therefore it is estimated that the second extension of the Capital of the Silla Kingdom was started from the beginning of the 8th century and the range was beyond the northern river to the neighborhood of Yongkangdong where the vestige of the garden was found.
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