The purpose of this study is to formulate a plan for the university’s living safety crisis management system focused on the security of the students and the faculty members who ultimately are the consumers of the university services. In other words, the primary goal of constituting a security management system of all the resources – human, information, technical, and material – is for the fulfillment of a successful education and the perpetual progress of the university.
Contemporary universities function as a miniature of society amidst the whirlpool of globalization, diversification, and endless competition. A university campus serves as the rendezvous of various assets necessary for the function of the society such as the human resources, information resources, technical resources, and material resources. Due to the complicated, ultramodern, and multi-cultural changes, there are some invisible, unexperienced, and unknown risk factors that should be either regulated or eliminated for the universities to continually grow and develop. Active research and continuous prevention of these risk factors that may lie within the university resources are required.
In this paper, the cause for the failure of the security service will be inquired through an examination of the underlying risk factors within a university campus of the cognizance level of the students and faculties on the types of safety crisis and of the expectancy-performance disconfirmation data.
The subjects of the actual research were the faculty members who not only produce and provide education and the security management system but also become the internal customers within the process of administrative execution, and the students who stand as the main clients of the educational system and the security service.
In order to compare the recognition rate and satisfaction level of the university’s security management system, this research made use of the distinction that the second article of the Higher Education Act provides between a university and an industrial university and selected one of each. Students and faculty members of a university and an industrial university were given questionnaires for a close inquiry.
Through the lesson earned by the failure of crisis management system at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, better known as Virginia Tech, which was revealed by a shocking massacre, the research aims to awaken the universities in Korea of the possible nouveau crime. In addition, by analyzing the safety crisis management services and the alarm systems on the home pages of some American universities that have undergone a campus shooting incident, the reconnaissance of an excellent example that may serve as a help for the Korean universities will be carried on.
According to the result of the conducted survey, the satisfaction level of the safety crisis management system proved to be low in the case of females compared to males; in the Department of Social Sciences and Humanities compared to the other sectors of the university; and in the case of students compared to the faculty members.
In particular, the Department of Social Sciences and Humanities had the highest expectancy-performance disconfirmation rate with the lowest satisfac- tion rate. The main reason lies in the fact that the Department of Liberal Arts does not have the opportunity to get a security education. Although the Department of Sciences is closely related to the safety education due to the usage of laboratories and other chemical substances, the Department of Liberal Arts does not receive such information. Gender-wise, the reason that the expectancy-performance disconfirmation was so high in females is because the security management services such as the safety facilities and lights do not meet the expectancy level in relationship to the openness and vastness of the campus environment.
The students’ satisfaction level was lower than the faculty’s because although the faculty members are the consumers of the security management service internally, they also serve as the provider. This shows that the faculty members have not yet fully seized the necessities of the students who are the mainstream consumers of the service. It also reveals that, in the case of improving the measures of the safety crisis management system, there is little effort in reflecting the opinions of the students and that the information about the security service is not being provided thoroughly.
According to the result between the two universities, the satisfaction rate was low and the expectation-performance disconfirmation was high in the case of Chungbuk National University (CBNU) compared to Chung-Ju National University (CJNU). Furthermore, the service satisfaction rate was low in the cases of those who had no security education and those who had no experience in volunteer work at disaster regions. To sum it up, relatively, the service discontent rate is higher and there is a latent security weakness in CBNU. This result can be explained through the experience rate difference between the two universities.
The problem of the university’s safety crisis management system is a result of a lack in legislation that stands as the basis for the promotion of a new security management policy and the absence of a specialized service system along with the absence of professional executors fully responsibility for the execution system. This stems out to be the main root of the consumers’ dissatisfaction and insecurity. Due to the insufficient research analysis of what the consumers expect and require from the security management service and the practice of the simple management of technical equipments, the satisfaction rate has been revealed as being low statistically.
To summarize the procedures of progress according to the research results, what needs to be included in the strategical legislative means for the systematization of the university’s safety crisis management system are the following: i) a system that provides security support for the weakest class within the university campus should be created along with a consumer-based law; ii) a change in the practice of basic management of the apparatus on campus through legislative acts is necessary so that the extremely worst scenario of danger may be suppressed; iii) a clear stipulation of the crisis management system should be managed so that it can be effectively executed with the proficiency of management and prevention of chaos; iv) a way in which the rights of the consumers to participate and create a self-regulated management system should be ensured through law.
In addition to the legislative systematization, for the construction of a crisis management system to be focused on the consumers, the following are necessary: i) composition of a swift compilation of the data and a monitoring system of the mishap that occurs within the campus; ii) prevention of accidents through acknowledging the risk factors and publicizing the prior misfortunes as well as security information to the consumers through the school’s webpage; iii) reflection of the consumers’ voices in the process of legalizing a system through allowing them to participate as constituents of the crisis management committee; iv) creation of a Cyber Safety & Security Community as a communication venue between the service provider and the customer and as a mentoring and educating locale to get information about security issues so that the entire population of the university may exhibit their best when they have to deal with dangerous circumstances; v) formation of a professional crisis management force that may aid the consumer in danger; vi) improvement of individual as well as collective capability of dealing with critical situations through informing the people about prior perilous incidents that took place in and out of the country.
Furthermore, as a means to confirm the proficiency rate of various legislative acts for the safety of the consumers, the following requirements should be met: i) changing the structure of the campus that will be effective in preventing danger through remodeling the security equipments and the Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design(CPTED) of the campus and through constructing a digitalized system for the creation of the Digital Media Street (DMS) and through regulating the speed of the cars in the School Zone areas; ii) allowing the consumers to be able to cope with danger through creating a alarm system or a countermeasure system; iii) writing a manual according to stages and settings of dangerous situations and continuously supplementing the errors through simulative trainings; iv) guaranteeing the rights of the consumers by allowing them to participate in the fine parts of the creation of a security service system that is acceptable for education and research, and for various potential risks that lies within all types of events.
This research unveils the fact that any type of educational experience relating to the safety crisis management highly influences the service satisfaction rate. Therefore, when a manual according to the different stages, such as the mitigation, preparation, response, and recovery stages, is accompanied with a training system, the service satisfaction rate will augment and the utilization of the security management system will unfold itself.
The most important fact to keep in mind is the security of the consumers which include all members of the university so that they can focus on their research and education in a shielded and pleasurable environment to yield the best outcome possible. In order to reach this goal, numerous changes that have been discussed above are required: i) enactment of a legislative act of an overall living security crisis management as a system for the university’s safety crisis management method as well as securing professional manpower and an exclusively responsible team; ii) substantiality of the education on disaster and security; iii) creation of a self-regulating safety crisis managem- ent system; iv) establishment of a consumer-based service along with financi- al support necessary for such process; v) guarantee of the safety of all members of the university through changing the existing frame of security education system in which managing the materials within the research laboratories is the only importance. The universities are standing at a turning point in which danger should be prevented through a new approach of a living safety crisis management system.
The culture of protection within a university should be aroused through the participation of all the consumers of the service, the neighboring persons concerned with the university as well as the other institutions related to crisis management. They should build, change, and provide a better organized syst- em in which the consumers themselves may serve as active participants. Through this, another step should be taken by the members to disseminate such culture to the local societies.
Through the result this study, such as the expectancy-performance disconfir -mation rate and the awakening of the university’s security issues, the first step towards the creation of a safety crisis management system within the realm of a university has been taken. It is also noticeable that this research has proved the theory in which the risk factors within a university do not only lie merely inside a laboratory. This has verified the case that a university should manage all kinds of crimes, danger, and natural disasters through a specified management system.
A university, the venue of education in which new information, knowledge, and technology originate from, is vulnerable for various risk factors. A culture that guarantees security should come up within the university so that it may stretch out towards the society in general. Stepping a foot forward under the premise that universities are no longer the security zones, this study has recognized the underlying dangers within a university campus and has presented the justification and desperate need of the safety crisis management system of a university.
Since this research had a limited scope of study which included only two universities in Korea, it is necessary to admit that there is an inadequate reflection of the other existing universities. Therefore, this project should be carried on further and include not only the national universities but also the private universities in the scope of the study and do an analysis comparing their consumers as well as the stakeholders’ awareness of danger and their ability to cope with the risks. In other words, to increase the proficiency level and persuasion for the enactment of a legislative act on crisis management system within a university campus, the range of the research as well as the subjects should be expanded. With such a maturation process, the need of such law will gain the voice of the majority and strengthen its justification.