지방공무원의 가치관과 선호정책유형의 상관성
Every person has social activity with his or her sense of value. A person's sense of value influences on his or her social activity with or without consciousness of his or her value set. When this hypothesis is put at a administration field, it is told the policy decision is influenced by the responsible officials' sense of value. This research tried to measure the local public officials' sense of value and their favored type of policy, and tested the correlation between the two variables.
This research had a hypothesis that some senses of value influences to favor some types of policies, to observe the two variables. The senses of value were defined as the democratic, economic, social, and bureaucratic value-type, quoting the Gortner, H.F and the types of policy were defined as the distributive and regulative policy, following majority of policy scholars. Each of the value-types and of the policy-types was constructed with the three elements of attitude as the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral element, defined by Allport, G. and each item was measured with the seven-point scale of meaning discreteness. The subjects were sampled to 1,135 public officials from the whole Korean provinces, including all the low local governments and broad local governments except Seoul, and 1,061 subjects' responses of the whole sample, which were amounted to 96%, were analyzed. Factor-analysis and reliability-test were processed to check validity and internal consistency of the items. With criteria of factor-analysis load, amounted to above 0.4, 21 items for the value scale were selected totally from the 4 factors as the democratic, economic, social, and bureaucratic value, while 9 items for policy scale were selected totally from the 2 factors as the distributive, and regulative policy. The reliability test showed high as 0.6-0.8 overall.
Introducing statistical analysis, the value-types and the policy-types by population-society factors was processed with Multi-variate analysis of variance. Then the correlation analysis between the value-types and policy-types was processed. Further analyzing any differences in favor of the policy types among the clusters of the value types, a cluster analysis with the value types was processed. At the last, analyzing the influences of each value-type on each policy type, the structure function was processed.
Introducing the research results, first, a MANOVA of the value-types and the policy-types was processed by the 8 population-social variables of nominal scales-sex, age, marriage, education carrier, working district, working rank, sub-series, working carrier-to show the followings. For the sense of value, the local government officials showed high level of equity in the democratic value and of collectivity in the social value. They showed comparative level of the mental tendency in the economic value and the renovation in the authority value. For analysis of the policy types, they showed to favor more the distributive policy than the regulative policy.
Second, for purpose to analyze the correlation with each pair of the value-types and the policy-types, a simple correlation analysis was processed, and then a partial correlation analysis was processed to analyze the pure correlation of each pair, controlling related variables, According to the results, for the correlation with pair of the value-types, that between the democratic value and the economic value was high and that between the social value and the bureaucratic value was low. For the correlation with pair of the policy-types, that between the distributive policy value and the regulative policy was high. For correlation with pair between the value-types and the policy types, that between the democratic value and the distributive policy was high and that between the bureaucratic value and the regulative policy was so low.
Third, for purpose to test influence of each value-type on each policy-type, a stepwise multi-variate regression analysis was processed. According to the results, the distributive policy was mostly influenced by the democratic value. while the regulative policy was mostly influenced by the economic value.
Forth, for purpose to cluster subjects who have diversity of the value-types into a few groups, each of which has similarity, and to differentiate any favors of each group for the policy types, a cluster analysis on the value-types was processed. and then a multi-variate variance analysis of the policy-types by the groups of the value-types was processed. According to the results, the four clusters were divided in base of the value-types. The cluster I showed high levels over all the value-types. The cluster Ⅱ showed low levels over all the value-types. The cluster Ⅲ showed high levels in nearly all the value-types except the bureaucratic value. The cluster Ⅳ showed low levels in nearly all the value-types except the democratic value. The favored policies were differentiated due to the clusters. The cluster I showed high favor for the both policy-types. The cluster Ⅱ showed low favor for the both policy-types. All the clusters showed higher favor for the distributive policy than the regulative policy. The distribution of each cluster by the population social factors was processed with a qui-square test. The distribution of the cluster I was varied by ages, the cluster Ⅱ by ages, working levels, and working careers, the cluster Ⅲ by working levels and working careers, and the cluster Ⅳ by sexes and marriages.
Fifth, for purpose to analyze any influences of the value-types on the policy-types, a structure function (with AMOS procedural) was processed. According to the results, the democratic value, the economic value, and the bureaucratic value influenced the both policy-types of the distributive and regulative policy. The social value influenced the regulative policy, but did not influence the distributive policy. The results suggest that the equity of the democratic value, the mental tendency of the economic value, and the revolution of the bureaucratic value influenced the distributive policy for justice, and that the equity of the democratic value, the mental tendency of the economic value, and the revolution of the bureaucratic value influenced the regulative policy, while the collectivism of the social value did not influence the distributive policy.
Concluding with this research, Korean local government officials' value senses were very high in the equity of the democratic value and the collectivism of the social value, and was high in the mental tendency of the economic value and the revolution of the bureaucratic value. The results might be attributed to Korean traditional value senses. Korean local government officials favored more the distributive policy than the regulative policy. The results suggested that social welfare by the distributive policy would be enhanced and that regularity with law and order would be not concerned. Considering influence of the value-types on the policy-types, the democratic value influenced the distributive policy and the economic value influenced the regulative policy. So, with manipulation of the democratic value and the economic value, success of the distributive policy and the regulative policy could be achieved.
Commenting limitation of this research, since this project sampled the homogeneous group, so called the government officials who engage in official policy, it could not observe diverse distribution of the manipulated variables, This research also limited alternatives of the sub-values and the sub-policies, even though value-types and policy-types had so diversities. Though this research followed a design to analyze the social psychological relation between attitude and behavior, it could not analyze the attitude elements as the cognition, emotion, and behavior, because it has a limited number of items. This research could not overcome statistical limitation, even expecting that diverse mediate variables might influence the relation between the value senses and the policy favors. The above limitation advise that the studies would be succeeded to enlarge the set size of items and to divide the data pool and the sub-subjects for any more statistical re-analysis.
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