체육수업에서 긍정적 경험의 축적 및 확장 : 시각중복장애학생에 대한 생태학적 평가기반 수업
저자
발행사항
공주 : 공주대학교 대학원, 2009
학위논문사항
발행연도
2009
작성언어
한국어
발행국(도시)
충청남도
기타서명
Building and Broadeniong of Positive Expeniences in Physical Education Instruction: Ecological Assessment-Based Instruction for Students with Visual Impairment and Other Disabilitties
형태사항
v, 305 p.: 삽도 ; 26 cm
일반주기명
참고문헌: p. 211 - 226
소장기관
The purpose of this study was to investigate diverse experiences had by teachers and students who had visual impairments with other disabilities and their implications in the process of applying physical education instruction based on ecological assessment that ecologically evaluated and adapted a variety of environments surrounding those students in physical education instruction in order to stimulate their physical activities, which were part of active life skills required for them to lead an independent and functional life in adulthood. For that purpose, the active research part of qualitative methodology was employed. The subjects include a teacher with a seven-year career in education and her three students who had visual impairments with other disabilities. In the process, both qualitative and quantitative data were gathered. While qualitative data were analyzed using Nvivo 8, a CAQDAS, quantitative data were analyzed through instruction analysis.
Based on research findings, the following conclusions were drawn:
The teacher had new experiences with "instruction design," "implementation of physical education instruction," and "emotions" in ecological assessment-based physical education instruction. Her experiences and their implications can be summarized as follows:
First, the teacher had new experiences in regard with instruction design in ecological assessment-based physical education instruction. Based on the judgments of environmental factors, she was able to set up instruction design for the next instruction and, in the process, developed a new perception of how to utilize new teaching instruments and give physical education instruction. In addition, she designed her physical education in a more thorough and concentrated manner through self-monitoring reflection on her previous instruction.
Secondly, she also had new experiences with respect to the implementation process of physical education instruction. She adapted the environmental factors to motivate her students who had visual impairments with other disabilities and supported their active physical activities by making use of her specific and corrective feedback for their physical activities. Moreover, she was able to structurize instruction management for the students to participate in physical activities at the same time by adapting the environmental factors and secured time for physical activities and enough amounts of physical activities. Her structurization of instruction management enlivened the instructional atmosphere and helped her enjoy giving instruction.
Finally, she had new experiences with positive emotions in the ecological assessment-based physical education instruction. Trying to find the causes of her students not being able to participate in physical activities actively in physical education instruction, she adapted the environmental factors and found out that there appeared changes to their physical activities. Those experiences brought her such positive emotions as "fun" and "joy" and helped her design physical education instruction aggressively and implement it actively.
The students who had visual impairments with other disabilities had new experiences with "physical activities," "emotions" and "social experiences." Their experiences and the implications they have can be summarized as follows:
First, they had new experiences with physical activities in the ecological assessment-based physical education instruction. They developed "interest" and "concern" for the new teaching instruments presented by the teacher through the adaptation of environmental factors and thus took part in physical activities in increasingly more pleasant and consistent ways. As a result, they increased the time for them to participate in physical activities, which caused them to have physical and physiological changes. Furthermore, they carried out the tasks given by the teacher efficiently and experienced success. In short, they were able to participate in positive and active physical activities in the ecological assessment-based physical education instruction.
Secondly, they also had new experiences with emotions in the ecological assessment-based physical education instruction. They showed "concern" and "interest" in the teaching instruments and were observed taking happy part in physical activities. It was also observed that the "concern" and "interest" they newly experienced gradually turned into "happiness" and "joy" as they participated in the ecological assessment-based physical education instruction. "Experiencing success" with a task led to the teacher's positive reinforcement, which had the students experience positive emotions and thus enjoy themselves in physical activities.
Finally, they had new social experiences in the ecological assessment-based physical education instruction. They had more and more interactions with the teacher, peers, and teaching materials as they participated in the physical education instruction. Their changed physical activities also induced social reinforcement from others. In addition, they adapted well to new environments such as new teaching instruments and activities and curtailed their adaptation time compared to common physical education instruction.
Based on the discussions so far, the following suggestions were made for the directions of follow-up study:
First, once it is confirmed whether students who had visual impairments with other disabilities have improved their physical activities in physical education instruction, there will be a need to focus both on the development of motor skills and on the increase of successful experiences with physical activities. The results of the study are not enough to specifically figure out both the advantages and disadvantages of the two approaches toward physical activities. Thus directions for more efficient physical education instruction will be set by focusing on those in follow-up study.
Secondly, the study observed more peer interactions among the subjects than in usual physical education instruction. However, it is rather irrational to jump to causal relations solely based on the finding. One will be able to examine the causal relations between ecological assessment-based physical education instruction and the interactions among the instruction constituents by conducting research on the interactions among the constituents of physical education instruction by altering the study design.
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