The objective of this research is that local community form social capital by local festival. In order to study, I chose total six villages, each of farming and fishing village of YangYang, Gangneung and Samcheok in the East coast, Gangwando. And object of study, local festival, was progressed research centering around village ritual which is handed down above of 100 years and have history and tradition of village.
The method of research preceded theory approach that found announced papers, research books and related data. In this foundation, the actual condition of social capital that is formed by village ritual analyzed. Question and interview investigation enforced to do actual proof analysis. Question investigation enforced ,each of 60, total 360 in six villages. Interview investigation collected related information that leaders of villages and natives who have lived above of 50 in pertinent area.
Contents of research; (ⅰ) Demographics quality of research area observed to verify instance making social capital of village ritual. (ⅱ) Primary factor and regression analysis enforced to analyze between social capital and consciousness of village ritual (ⅲ) 5 kinds of hypothesis enforced to analyze ① The hypothesis 1 is that village rituals may contribute formation of social capital in community. ② The hypothesis 2 is that the power of influence which village rituals extend formation of social capital may have difference according to primary factor of social capital. ③ The hypothesis 3 is that the power of influence which village rituals extend formation of social capital may have difference on operating and influencing primary factor according to cultural area. ④ The hypothesis 4 is that the power of influence which village rituals extend formation of social capital may influence more region character(farming and fishing village) than cultural area. ⑤ the hypothesis 5 is that the power of influence which village rituals extend formation of social capital may be influenced by character of residents in pertinent areas.
The result of research is as follow.
(ⅰ) Demographics quality of research area was composed that men are 58.7% and women are 41.3% in the distinction sex, above of 50 age are 78.0% find that residents who have lived farming and fishing village were composed most of prime of life and old age. In educational degree, people who don't graduate high school is 90.5%. In occupational distribution, farming and fishing people are 70.6%. average income of month in this research area, people who involved 100~199 thousands Shows the most distribution. In period of residence, residents who lived above of 40 years a place are 66.7%. The floating population is not many, the most natives have protected the villages.
(ⅱ) Primary factor which influence formation of social capital to examine, total 30 items which are made primary factors, confidence, participation, relation of neighbor, act of service and contribution and network, and each of 5 hypothesis designed. The result of primary factor analysis is as follow. factor 1 is network and relation of neighbor, people who have live our village knew men of women of all ages and 7 variables are decided factors. The factor 2 is confidence. I am the most important person in our village and 6 variables are decided factors. The factor 3 is a contribution. I contribute at society and 3 variables are decide factors. The factor 4 is and act of service. I help the old man and weak and trouble person and 4 variables are decided factors. The fact 5 is participation. I participate if I am invited an ancestral feast of our neighbor and 4 variables are decided factors.
The result of main cause analysis about social capital was reduced 5 primary factors from designed 6 primary factors at question investigation. And the beginning was designed 30 variables but of all the variables designed factors of contribution, I contribute things that I don't use. is fallen off. Variables of total 29 were decide the items which is appropriate in primary factor analysis.
Dispersion explanation is found that network and relation of neighbor is the highest, 16.697 and participation is the lowest 12.223 at analysis of primary factors. Also, in 5 factors, α value of network and relation of neighbor(0.943) is the highest . And α value of participation(0.831) is the lowest. KMO on 5 primary factors is 0.958. The inspection result on Bartlett spherical characteristic, Sig was found 0.0000, When trying to establish in test statistic, It was appeared appropriate.
And primary factor analysis about residents consciousness of village ritual in research area was designed self-conceit, stagnation and reversing etc.., The analysis result about variable, was decided appropriate without fluctuation. In dispersion explanation, primary factor of 'self-conceit' (89.400) was the found the highest numerical value. And 'reversing'(78.242) was found the lowest numerical value. α value in all 3 primary factors, above of 0.905, were found the highest. KMO is 0.804. The inspection result on Bartlett spherical characteristic, Sig was found 0.0000, When trying to establish in test statistic, It was appeared appropriate.
(ⅲ) The analysis result that is established by hypothesis if five factors is as follow.
First, the hypothesis 1 is that village rituals may contribute formation of social capital in community. The verification result on the hypothesis 1 is as follow. T=34.252, P-value=0.0000, R^(2)=78.35% and recursive coefficient were found to extend meaningful effects in affirmative direction. From scatter diagram, social capital quantity and evaluation score of resident awareness in village ritual were found each a direct proportion. The higher village ritual has evaluation, the more valuation of social capital increase. In general, the hypothesis 1 was supported.
Second, the hypothesis 2 is that the power of influence which village rituals extend formation of social capital may have difference according to primary factor of social capital. Value of nonstandard recursive coefficient (β) was found each different. The verification result on the hypothesis 2 is as follow. On 'network and neighbor relation' as social capital variables of pride of village ritual(0.150), recognition of the origin(0.210), improvement of relation(0.153) and duty of alternation(0.154) were found to extend meaningful effects in affirmative direction. Value of nonstandard recursive coefficient(β) was found each different.
On confidence factor as social capital, variables of pride of village ritual(0.101) and recognition of the origin(0.317) were found to extend meaningful effects in affirmative direction. Value of nonstandard recursive coefficient (ß) was found each different. Also act of endowment on social capital, variables of duty of village ritual(0.110) and contribution of development(0.116) were found to extend meaningful effects in affirmative direction. Value of nonstandard recursive coefficient(β) was found each different.
And, on service activity as social capital, variables of pride of village ritual(0.100), public peace and happiness (0.160), recognition of the origin(0.157) were found to extend meaningful effects in affirmative direction. Value of nonstandard recursive coefficient(β) was found each different. On the contrary variable on present conversion was found to extend meaningful effects in negative direction. Finally, on participation factor as social capital, variables of pride of village ritual(0.138), duty of village ritual(0.246), recognition of the origin(0.171) and contribution of development(0.121) were found to extend meaningful effects in affirmative direction. On the contrary variable on necessity of transmission(?40.123) were found to extend meaningful effects in negative direction. According to the result of analysis, the hypothesis 2 was supported.
Third, the hypothesis 3 is that the power of influence which village rituals extend formation of social capital may have difference on operating and influencing primary factor according to cultural area. The verification result on the hypothesis 3 is as follow. In cultural area of YangYang, the centripetal point (0.136), recognition of the origin(0.139), contribution of development(0.099) and present conversion(0.093) were found to extend meaningful effects in affirmative direction. Value of recursive coefficient(β) was found each different. In culture area of Gangneung, duty of village ritual(0.138) and important event(0.135) were found to extend meaningful effects in affirmative direction. Value of recursive coefficient(β) was found each different. In culture are of Samcheok, the power of union(0.272), recognition of the origin(0.182), necessity of transmission (0.164) and improvement of relation(0.060) were found to extend meaningful effects in affirmative direction. Value of recursive coefficient(β) was found each different. On the contrary, variables on duty of village ritual(-0.170), centripetal point(-0.136), present conversion(-0.049) were found to extend meaningful effects in negative direction. According to the result of analysis, the hypothesis 3 was supported.
Fourth, the hypothesis 4 is that the power of influence which village rituals extend formation of social capital may influence more region character(farming and fishing village) than cultural area. The verification result on the hypothesis 4 is as follow.
The power of influence that farming villages extend formation of social capital, duty of village rituals(0.143), recognition of the origin(0.223), and contribution of development(0.133) were found to extend meaningful effects in affirmative direction. And the variable that extend negative effects was not found. The power of influences that fishing villages extend formation of social capital, pride of village ritual(0.143), Centripetal point (0.081), recognition of the origin (0.172) and duty of alternation(0.093), were found variable to extend meaning effects in affirmative direction. The power of union(0.132) is meaningful variable in affirmative direction but it was verified above of 10.0 at VIF. On the contrary, a variable on duty of village ritual was verified to extend meaningful effect in negative direction.
According to the result of analysis, because the effects which village rituals extend formation of social capital were found that fishing village had double variable than farming village, the hypothesis 4 was supported.
Fifth, the hypothesis 5 is that the power of influence which village rituals extend formation of social capital may be influenced by character of residents in pertinent areas. The verification result on the hypothesis 5 is as follow. Regression coefficient of nonstandard, job(0.016), residence period(0.285), age(-123E -07), and income level (-0.011) etc.., influence according to demographics quality in social capital formation. Therefore , research hypothesis5 that may be influenced by character factors of vital statistics was supported.
As summarizing the result, from hypothesis 1 to hypothesis 5, hypothesis of research that established in this study were supported.
Study on formation of social capital in community will accomplish multilateral analysis which has to consider every given condition, politics, economy, society and culture etc.., of the region. But with based the result that was verified by local residents, this study focused to investigate primary factors that village rituals extend formation of social capital. Accordingly, the village rituals that form social capital of local community are important factors. But it has limits to analyze every factor on formation of social capital. The question about the village which was selected in the sample has representative characteristic of each cultural area and the uppermost limit that leaned to quantitative analysis aren't able to exclude. Objective areas of research, each of a farming and fishing village from 3 cultural areas in the east coast, Gangwondo progressed in the sample.
From the such viewpoint, hereafter research will have to be performed quantitative and sincere analysis at the same time. Also, escaping from center of participant, the method which is approached research with viewpoint of spectator is necessity to consider.