미술치료 효과에 관한 메타분석 = A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Art Therapy
A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Art Therapy
Won, Kil-soo
Department of Education
Graduate School, Woosuk University
(Supervised by Professor Park, Sook-Hee)
<Abstract>
Although a lot of studies found that art therapy was effective, there was something incongruous between the results of the studies, which resulted in triggering a heated controversy about the effect of art therapy. The purpose of this study was to make a meta-analysis of the results of studies on art therapy in a bid to reach a general conclusion, and it's additionally meant to compare the effect size of related factors that were identified in earlier studies as the variables that might affect the effect of art therapy.
Four research questions were posed:
1. Analyze a pervasive trend in studies of art therapy.
2. Analyze the average effect size of the studies of art therapy.
3. Analyze the effect size of variables related to the effect of art therapy in the studies.
4. Analyze the effect size of variables related to the implementation of the studies, which involve a total art therapy frequency, the number of group members, the length of each session, a weekly art therapy frequency, major field of study, the level of adjustability, and the age of subjects.
51 domestic dissertations of art therapy were selected, which were published between 1994 and July 31, 2009.
As a result of making a primary meta-analysis of the selected dissertations, 80 effect sizes were extracted. The average effect size of the art therapy programs used in the studies was 1.89. The rate of their confidence stood at 95 percent, and their confidence interval was between a low of 1.57 and a high of 2.21. The confidence interval didn't contain zero, which justified their average effect. According to Cohen's standard, the effect size of the programs was great. In the secondary analysis, the art therapy programs showed an optimum mean rise of 28.34 percent in effect size.
When a primary analysis was performed to evaluate the effect size of variables related to the effect of art therapy, the effect size of art therapy was greatest in the emotional domain(2.32). In the secondary analysis, the effect size of art therapy showed the biggest rise of 40.58 percent in the self-concept domain.
As a result of making a primary analysis of the effect size of art therapy by total art therapy frequency, the effect size of it was largest (2.00) when it was conducted in 21 sessions or more. In the secondary analysis, that showed the largest rise of 54.57 percent when it was provided in 13 to 20 sessions.
Concerning the influence of the number of group members, the effect size of art therapy was greatest(1.92) in the primary analysis when each group consisted of 8 to 12 members. In the secondary analysis, that showed the largest mean rise of 41.13 percent when there were seven members or fewer in each group.
As for the influence of the length of each session, the effect size of art therapy was largest(2.14) in the primary analysis when each session run 50 minutes or less. In the secondary analysis, that showed the biggest mean rise of 46.03 percent when each session run 91 minutes or more.
Regarding the impact of weekly art therapy frequency, the effect size of it was greatest(1.90) in the primary analysis when it was provided once a week. In the secondary analysis, that showed the largest mean rise of 44.59 percent when it was offered twice or more a week.
As for the impact of major field of study, the effect size of it was largest(1.84) in the primary analysis when it was provided by those who majored in education or counseling psychology. In the secondary analysis, that showed the greatest mean rise of 41.37 percent as well when it was offered by those who majored in education or counseling psychology.
In regard to the impact of the level of adjustability, the effect size of art therapy was largest(1.53) in the primary analysis when maladjusted clients were selected. In the secondary analysis, that also showed a great mean rise of 37.23 percent when maladjusted clients were selected.
As to the influence of the age of subjects, the effect size of art therapy was greatest(2.18) in the primary analysis when preschoolers or children were selected. In the secondary analysis, that showed the largest mean rise of 41.41 percent as well when preschoolers or children were selected.
This study was meaningful in that it made the first attempt to perform a meta-analysis of every dissertation of art therapy three times.
And there are some suggestions about future research:
First, foreign studies should be analyzed along with domestic ones to compare the results of foreign and domestic studies.
Second, the retention test results of art therapy should be checked to determine the post-effect of it, and whether that remains effective or not should be investigated as well. So follow-up research efforts are required in the future.
Third, future dissertations should provide information on mean, standard deviation and the number of samples in order to improve the applicability of meta-analysis, and systematic research efforts should be channeled into a meta-analysis of art therapy.
Fourth, lots of dissertations have centered around art therapy programs, but the effect size of the programs was very high in many dissertations, and there was room for improvement in association with a meta-analysis. More accurate and well-planned research should be conducted in the future.
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