지속가능한 도시공간 조성을 위한 녹지환경 평가 및 계획방향 설정 = The Assessment of Green Environment and Establishment of Planning Direction for the Sustainable Urban Space
The urban green space has been decreased quantitatively and has been damaged qualitatively by the indiscriminate urban development and the urban expansion. That is causing the unstable ecological system of green space. And although the environmental needs of citizen on green space are increasing by the economic development and the improvement of quality of life, the quantity of green space is still lacking.
To solve the problem of green environment, the government organizations and researchers have established the green planning and policy such as the legislation on green space, the necessity of management policy of total amount and master planning of green space, and ecological network. But the practical alternative and guideline aren't presented concretely for the establishment of green planning and policy. And most of the preliminary research have been carried out in environment and ecological aspects among various functions of green space, while there have been few research in social, usage and landscape aspect.
The purposes of this study are to classify the functions and types of green space and to assess the interior function of green space based on the developed assessment model in Daegu for the realizable planning direction. They are also to assess the green environment of urban space based on the assessment model in Dalseo-gu and to consider the possibility of construction and the planning direction of green space in urban using the scenario analysis on the change of green environment for the sustainable city.
The results of this study are as follows;
The types of green space were classified as 'park(park green space)', 'facility's green space', 'forest(forest green space)', 'riparian green space', 'productive green space' and 'other green space' based on theoretical review. The functions of green space were separated as 'nature-ecological function', 'environment-control function' and 'usage function'. And the total 29 indicators were selected through literature review, brainstorming and survey of the experts. The nature-ecological indicators were 13, environment-control indicators were 9 and usage indicators were 7 among 29 indicators.
According to the results of the MCB analysis for the best indicators by park, 5 indicators such as green area, green network etc. were selected in nature-ecological function. 5 indicators such as temperature decrease, atmospheric purification etc. were selected in environment-control function and 3 indicators such as accessibility etc. were selected in usage function. In the case of forest, each 7, 5, 4 indicators were decided as the best indicators by function.
As the results of AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) for the establishment of assessment model of park, the weight of usage function was evaluated highest by 0.454 and the weights of nature-ecological function and environment-control function were showed by each 0.282, 0.264. In the case of assessment model of forest, the weight of nature-ecological function was calculated highest by 0.558 and environment-control function and usage function were showed by each 0.277, 0.165. The assessment models of the interior function by type of green space were developed through the evaluated functional weights and indicator's weights.
The assessment model of the green environment on urban space was established using the reselection of indicators which importance was attached high on the planning objectives by function. In the nature-ecological model, the planning objective was defined as the establishment of ecological network and the indicators of green network and wildlife movement were selected. The planning objective of the environment-control model was established as reduction of thermal environment based on indicators of thermal environment and temperature decrease on urban space. The planning objective of the usage model was defined as optimal supply of green space based on indicators of accessibility and population. And the comprehensive assessment model of the green environment was developed through adding up estimation matrix on 3 functional models.
Then, according to the results of the application of the assessment model of interior function, the functional score of Beomeo park was evaluated at 70.33 and judged to be the greatest function properties. And the score of 9 parks of Manchon, Gususan, Gyeongnam etc. were analyzed high at more than 67. But the score of 5 parks of Horim, Horimkangnaru, Maegok etc. were evaluated low at less than 45. Therefore the parks assessed in low functional score should be required the increase of vegetation ratio, the decrease of impervious ratio in interior area and the establishment of green network. Meanwhile, the functional score of the forests of Mt. Ap, Cheongryong, Biseul etc. and summit of Mt Palgong were evaluated high at more than 70. But the score of the small scale forests such as Mt. Waryong, Macheon, Daeni etc. were analyzed low at less than 50.
To present the practical planning direction of green space, Donjibong park which have done not build up was chosen to the case area among 103 parks. The comprehensive planning objective of Donjibong park was established by 'the green planning considering on the nature-ecological and environment-control function' because the nature-ecological and environment-control function of Donjibong park was assessed excellently. The planning space was consisted of preservation zone, restoration zone, buffer zone, facility zone, trail zone etc.
In the results of applying the assessment model of green environment in Dalseo-Gu judged to the imbalance region, 'Rich zone of green environment(Grade Ⅰ)' occupied 44.8% of Dalseo-Gu around the large forests such as Mt. Ap, Biseul and Waryong. 'Fair zone(Grade Ⅱ)' occupied 25.1% along the forests and large parks. 'Poor zone(Grade Ⅲ)' and 'Broken zone(Grade Ⅳ)' occupied each 24.7% and 5.5% of all. And Poor zone was distributed around the industrial area such as Sindang, Wolseong 1 and 2-Dong. Broken zone was showed in the industrial and residential area of Sindang, Gamsam and Jukjeon, Wolseong 1 and Jincheon-Dong. Therefore Rich and Fair zone should be demanded the sustainable preservation and management policies. But it is necessary to decrease the impervious area and to construct the green area on accessibility and functionality in Poor and Broken zone.
Finally, the scenario was divided up into 'Scenario 1' and 'Scenario 2' for analyzing the change of green environment. Scenario 1 is the first case in which the large green space of 45.6ha was restored and Scenario 2 is the second case in which the several small green spaces of 5.3ha was restored. According to the results of the analysis of Scenario 1, the grade of green environment was increased in 16 unit spaces. In the case of Scenario 2, the grade of green environment was increased in 8 unit spaces. Therefore it can judge the fact that Scenario 2 is more efficient than Scenario 1 considering the ratio of change area to restoration area.
Overall, the construction of green space in urban space has a positive influence on the green environment and raises the environmental quality of urban space. And it would need the selective and step-by-step green plans and construction directions on scale of site, land use, construction objective, function etc. Finally, the results of this study may be useful as a basic information for park and green space master plan and environmental plan. It may predict the possibility of construction of green space and present the planning guidelines of green space about the various development projects like developments of residential land and industrial complex.
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