유역모형과 중분류토지피복을 적용한 비점오염부하의 정량적 평가 = Quantitative assessment of nonpoint source load by applying watershed model andl level-2lLand cover map
In this study, nonpoint source(NPS) pollutant unit, classified into existing rough classification system and applied, was estimated by monitoring the measurement result from each Level-2(intermediate-classification) land cover and the applicability of the study was verificated by comparing with the unit from rough classification system in references. The NPS pollutant loading for basin was valued by applying NPS pollutant unit to Dongcheon basin through Level-2 land cover classification. Also, using BASINS/HSPF model based on the basin, the reliability of NPS pollutants loading computation using basin model was evaluated with a comparison of loading in rainfall in the same basin applied above. The NPS pollutant unit of Level-2 land cover classification was computed based on rainfall measured in Sangju rainfall station in Nakdong River basin.
Runoff characteristic of NPS pollutant and related variables in rainfall were analysed by using the estimated loading of NPS pollutant by Level-2 land cover classification for various rainfall events. It showed that loading of NPS pollutant according to the rainfall by land cover classification was different due to land permeability. Also, the runoff volume was increased according to rainfall, but runoff in land cover areas with high impervious ratio was proportional to rainfall to some degree depending on land permeability under the influence of antecedent dry days, rainfall intensity and so on. For this reason, it can be found that in computing NPS pollutant rate, investigating only particular rainfall event cannot give confidence in the result.
A comparison between the estimated the unit by Level-2 land cover classification and the reported unit based on rough classification by many other researchers was conducted. As a result, it was included in the range of unit presented by other researchers, but there was large difference in the value by each NPS pollutant. One of the main reason was that many researchers estimated the unit only for the rainfall runoff events and its investigation frequency was so less to show the unit for various rainfall events. As a result, the reliable computation of loading for the basin is difficult only by applying the unit of rough classification system as the current land cover classification system is gradually departmentalized. Thus, the loading by NPS pollutant which can easily show the characteristic of the basin will be able to be estimated on the basis of results of research in the future.
Referring to materials on nation-wide pollutant investigation in 2009, runoff loading from Dongcheon basin and delivery pollutant loading by NPS pollutant in the basin were calculated by applying the unit estimated before by Level-2 land cover. For the delivery pollutant loading, there was classified into four cases depending on investigation period. It showed that the delivery loading by NPS pollutant was different according to measure period, rainfall volume and intensity and change of runoff volume( Case A : BOD loads 9.44 ㎏/day, T-N loads 13.91 ㎏/day, T-P loads 0.53 ㎏/day, Case B : BOD loads 14.71 ㎏/day, T-N loads 18.43 ㎏/day, T-P loads 0.78 ㎏/day, Case C : BOD loads 212.28 ㎏/day, T-N loads 133.15 ㎏/day, T-P loads 20.59 ㎏/day, Case D : BOD loads 6.33 ㎏/day, T-N loads 9.84 ㎏/day, T-P loads 0.40 ㎏/day).
Loading of NPS pollutant was valued through simulation by using BASINS/HSPF model which can simulate runoff volume in rainfall by time. For the verification of the model, it was analyzed the scatter diagram of the simulation value and measure value of water quality and runoff volume in Dongcheon estuary. Using the built model, a study on the time-variant characteristics of runoff and water quality was simulated by being classified into four cases. The result showed the simulation value was nearly same as that of the measured runoff. In the result of fit level test for measured value and simulated value, correlation of runoff volume was computed high by average 0.86 and in the water quality items, fit level of simulation and measurements was high by BOD 0.82, T-N 0.85 and T-P 0.79
By comparing and analyzing the loading of NPS pollutant which was estimated by applying the unit of Level-2 land cover classification and simulated by using BASINS/HSPF model, the feasibility of loading computation from NPS pollutant using basin model was checked. According to the result of analysis, the numerical difference was obvious but occurrence patterns by NPS pollutant was steady. The high applicability and reliability of the results can be accomplished only when proper parameter is applied in computation of NPS pollutant loading using basin model and precise tests and adjustments are conducted by various measurements on the basis of this research.
As the land cover classification group is departmentalized and applied, it was confirmed that the characteristic of basin can be estimated at more exact computation of NPS pollutant loading for basin when the unit estimated by Level-2 land cover classification system is applied.
In spite of reliable and applicable results of this study, the loading of NPS pollutant was not able to represent for the basin because the investigation period for aimed basin estuary was limited to rainy days and pollutant materials during investigation was not included. Thus, it is thought that basic investigation, for example, the continuous investigation on water quality and runoff in various rivers spreading all over the country, must be proceeded and these basic materials must be accumulated so that researchers in various fields can share them. When this national environment is made, reliable and various research results can be produced.
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