朝鮮時代 慶基殿 硏究
This study is about the construction and management of Gyeonggijeon(慶基殿), ritual ceremony's changes in it, and meaning about the copy and management of Taejo's Portrait(太祖御眞) in Joseon Dynasty.
Gyeonggijeon built in Jeonju(全州) in 1410 is Jinjeon(眞殿) that enshrined the Portrait of Taejo Lee Seong-gye(李成桂), who established the Joseon. Jinjeon is the place in which the portrait scroll(影幀) of king or queen was enshrined. Especially, Taejo's Portrait was enshrined in Taejojinjeon(太祖眞殿).
Taejojinjeon was the representative Jinjeon of Provinces(外方眞殿) in Joseon Dynasty and built in Youngheung(永興), Gyeongju(慶州), Pyongyang(平壤), Jeonju and Gaesung(開城) respectively. Only Taejo's Portraits in Gyeonggijeon and Joonwonjeon(濬源殿) were preserved through Imjin war in 1592 and Manchu war of 1636, the space for their enshrinement was reconstructed first of all and it remains up to this day.
In the late Joseon Dynasty, the Portrait was copied 7 times and 9 copies from Taejo's Portraits of Gyeonggijeon and Joonwonjeon, and did 2 times and 2 copies from Taejo's Portrait of Gyeonggijeon. Also it did, 1 times and 2 copies from Taejo's Portrait of the first room in Yeonghuijeon(永禧殿), and one copy of these is Taejo's Portrait of Gyeonggijeon(National Treasure No. 931) today.
The present Gyeonggijeon in Jeonju became the only Taejojinjeon in South Korea, and Taejo's Portrait became to be unique one that kept the appearance of Joseon's founder. Furthermore, Joonwonjeon and its Portrait can't make sure of the existence and the preservation after the division of Korea into north and south. For this reason, Gyeonggijeon in Jeonju played a vital role to understand the Taejojinjeon in the Joseon Dynasty.
Through past studies, I examined some facts in this study.
First, I reviewed background and process of Gyeonggijeon's construction in the period of Joseon. Taejojinjeons were built in Youngheung, Gyeongju, Pyongyang, Jeonju and Gaesung respectively. Of these, ones in Youngheung, Gyeongju and Pyongyang were built in reign of Taejo, the others in reign of Taejong. Taejong didn't get permission to build the own Jinjeon, but was to build Taejojinjeons in Jeonju and Gaesung. For this, the construction of Jinjeon in the reign of Taejong was presumed to be political background. In relation to this, I noticed a request of Jeonju Part(全州府) to build the Taejojinjeon. So, I traced the building background of Taejojinjeon through the trends of political situation and powerful nobles in Jeonju Part during the reign of Taejong, and found the political intention building the Taejojinjeon in Jeonju and Gaesung. After this, I should think deeply the meaning of Gyeonggijeon's construction by sorting out the course until Taejojinjeon was named Gyeonggijeon during the reign of Sejong(世宗). I think this was the starting point in relation between the royal family and Jeonju, and would have an influence on the status of Jeonju as a result of arranging the change of its status after construction of Gyeonggijeon.
Secondly, I looked into the organizing process of the ritual ceremony of Jinjeon and the ritual ceremony of Gyeonggijeon during the Joseon Dynasty. The ritual ceremony of Gyeonggijeon consisted of the sacrifice six times and the ceremonial march to enshrine the Portrait of King Taejo(奉安儀禮). The first of Jinjeon's ceremony was prepare in 1419 and it was the very 'Taejoseongjin Bongan uirye'(太祖聖眞 奉安儀禮) that was prepared to enshrine Taejo's Portrait there after Mokcheongjeon(穆淸殿) in Gaesung was constructed in May that year. The provision of arranging the dished of food was constituted in 1447, and ceremony of Jinjeon was inserted in "Gilye"(「吉禮」), Gugjo-oryeui(『國朝五禮儀』) completed in reign of Seongjong(成宗). It became the ritual ceremony of Gyeonggijeon. Therefore I classified the each procedure of arranging the dishes of food(陳設) and conducting the ceremony(行禮) in base of "Sokjeolhyang-jinjeonui"(「俗節享眞殿儀」). Also I looked into the process of the ceremonial march from Jeonju to Hanyang were well recorded in Euigwe(儀軌). Through the analysis of Euigwe(儀軌) recorded in 1688 and 1872, Banchajado(班次字圖), the ceremony of honor guards(儀仗), and their uniforms could be restored.
Thirdly, I examined the copy of Taejo‘s Portrait in Gyeonggijeon and this significance. By Myungjong Sillok(『明宗實錄』), there were 26 pieces of Taejo's Portrait, but only Taejo's Portraits of Gyeonggijeon and Joonwonjeon were preserved after the Imjin war in 1592 and Manchu war of 1636. After Portraits were copied 7 times with the remaining Portraits, Of these, the one from Taejo's Portraits of Gyeonggijeon was copied 2 times(in 1616 and 1688). Taejo's Portrait in the first room of Yeonghuijeon copied from Taejo's Portrait of Gyeonggijeon in 1688 was copied 2 times in 1872, and enshrined in Gyeonggijeon. One of these is the Taejo's Portrait of Gyeonggijeon which has remained today. For this, I analyzed and classified Yeongjeongmosadogamuigwae(『影幀模寫都監儀軌』, 1688) and Eojinimodogamuigwae(『御眞移模都監儀軌』, 1872), copy record related to Portrait.
Finally, I studied the management of Gyeonggijeon and the care of Taejo's Portrait. I looked into the practical sides of the management and the care through the office and role of the staff belonging to Gyeonggijeon. The questions of the management and the care were handled lightly because of the lack of data. But The cases of Yeonghuijeon, Seonwonjeon(璿源殿) and Joonwonjeon equivalent to Taejojinjeon of royal family in Joseon help understanding the staff in and management state of Gyeonggijeon. Therefore I gathered the related record scattered in "Annals of the Joseon Dynasty(朝鮮王朝實錄)" and "Seungjeongwon Ilgi(承政院日記)," classified and observed the damage control of moisture and mildew, question of Bongsim(奉審), evacuation measures of Taejo's Portrait in case of emergency, etc.
I classified each scene into the construction of Gyeonggijeon, status changes of Jeonju after building it, the ritual ceremony in it, the copy of Taejo's Portrait, and the management and care of it in Joseon Dynasty. And each scene can not only be a separate study but also be related mutually. With this, I help understanding the meaning of Gyeonggijeon and Taejo's Portrait.
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