농촌지역 특성을 반영한 유아안전교육 프로그램 개발 및 효과
From birth to death, safety is an issue that is brought up constantly and the risk elements of safety are closely related to the surrounding environments in people's everyday lives; therefore, a safety program in rural areas is most effective when it reflects thecharacteristics of the surrounding environment. Hence, the purpose of this research is to develop a program and examine its effect. With this research purpose, the research was divided into [Question 1] and [Question 2]. The specific research questions are the following:
[Research Question 1] How is the Early Childhood Safety Program that reflects the characteristics of the rural area constructed?
[I-1] What is the purpose and objective of the Early
Childhood Safety Program that reflects the characteristics of the rural area?
[I-2] What is the content of the Early Childhood Safety Program that reflects the characteristics of the rural area?
[I-3] What is the teaching-learning method of the Early Childhood Safety Program that reflects the characteristics of the rural area?
[I-4] What is the evaluation of the Early Childhood Safety Program that reflects the characteristics of the rural area?
[Research Question 2] What is the effect of the Early Childhood Safety Program that reflects the characteristics of the rural area?
[2-1] What is the effect of the Early Childhood Safety Program that reflects the characteristics of the rural area on children's safety knowledge?
[2-2] What is the effect of the Early Childhood Safety Program that reflects the characteristics of the rural area on children's problem-solving capability?
[2-3] What is the effect of the Early Childhood Safety Program that reflects the characteristics of the rural area on children's safety attitude?
With the above research questions, the research was conducted in the following procedure:
For[Research Question I], in order to develop an Early Childhood Safety Program that reflects the characteristics of the rural area, the objective of the program was established on the basis of reference to the literature and preliminary studies on Early Childhood Safety Program and an analysis of the reality and demand. Then, seven content sections were organized. Based on this, the Early Childhood Safety Program that reflects the characteristics of the rural area was outlined with the verification of the content validity from children’s education experts and teachers and then an evaluation method was selected. The program was finally developed through the process of examination and revision supple-mentation of the content and field suitability.
For[Research Question 2], the effects of Early Childhood Safety Program that reflects the characteristics of the rural area on children's safety knowledge, safety problem-solving capability and safety attitude were verified. The research subjects were 5-year-old children in 2 classes (experimental group 20 children, comparative group 20 children)of B kindergarten and D kindergarten in G district of Jeonllanam-do. The program was tested two times a week for 12 weeks, a total of 23 times, from September 19, 2011 to December 9, 2011. The Early Childhood Safety Program that reflects the characteristics of the rural area was applied to the experimental group and a regular safety education was applied to the comparative group. The research tools for verification of the program’s effectiveness were the children's safety knowledge, safety problem-solving capability and safety attitude examination tools that passed the validity consideration by the researcher, who adapted and revised the tools to suit the research purpose and children's safety boundary of the rural area after reading the preliminary studies’ examination tools. In order to find a significant difference between the two groups, Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA)was utilized for the data analysis.
The summary of the research result according to the research questions is as follows:
Firstly, after constructing the Early Childhood Safety Program that reflects the characteristics of the rural area, the purpose of this program was set to help children to understand the nature of their rural environment so that they can protect themselves from danger through safety knowledge, safety attitude and safety problem-solving capability, and at the same time, to form a habit of leading a safe and healthy life. The objective of the program was to enlighten the children on necessary safety knowledge for individuals and groups in daily lives, instruct behaviors on how to act safe by predicting danger in their daily lives and teach safety problem-solving capability to lead a safe and healthy life.
The contents of the Early Childhood Safety Program that reflects the characteristics of the rural area are: my valuable body and personal safety, traffic safety, play safety, everyday life safety, animal and plant safety, safety against dangerous things · places · situations, and environment · disaster safety preparation.
The Program's teaching-learning method is organized into 5 stages: problem awareness, problem-solving method discussion, problem-solving method promotion, activity expansion, and organization and evaluation. In the problem awareness stage, a problematic situation related to a safety activity was set up and introduced in order to spend time motivating the children's intellectual curiosity about safety through key materials inthe activity. In the problem-solving method discussion stage, ideas for the solution were exchanged. In the problem-solving method promotion stage, child-teacher and child-child centered self-learning was provided to raise issues that can bring up various ideas to find the appropriate problem solving method. This stage was also set up to solve the provided issue through collaborative study, which can accomplish active communication of the children’s thoughts. In the activity expansion stage, the safety concept was reconstructed and a process to expand the activity through various methods was included. In the organization and evaluation stage, the activity result or the children’s thoughts were examined to see if proper experience and study were accomplished based on the program objective, then the feedbacks from the teachers and peers were made so that individual and group achievements could be positively perceived. The regulated roles of the teachers were motivator, verbal · nonverbal supporter and mutual-interactor, demonstrator, scaffolder, setting preparer, and evaluator. The evaluations were made on both the children and the program. The evaluation on the children was made from the teacher’s observation of the activity process and the outcome while the evaluation on the program was made through the teacher’s checklist before, during and after the program to examine the appropriateness of the operation and the effect of the program.
Secondly, for [Research Question 2], in order to test the effect of the program, the experimental group received the Early Childhood Safety Program that reflects the characteristics of the rural area while the comparative group received a curriculum centered regular safety education;
after this process, the children’s safety knowledge, safety problem-solving capability and safety attitude were examined. There were no significant differences in the levels of children’s safety knowledge, safety problem- solving capability and safety attitude between the two groups in the preliminary-test; however, in the post-test, the experimental group was significantly high in the levels of safety knowledge and subdivisions of both safety problem-solving capability and safety attitude. These subdivisions include: my valuable body and personal safety, traffic safety, play safety, everyday life safety, animal and plant safety, safety against dangerous things · places · situations, and environment · disaster safety preparation, than the comparative group.
As a result, the Early Childhood Safety Program that reflects the characteristics of the rural area, which was developed in this research, proved to be effective for the improvement of children’s safety knowledge, safety problem-solving capability and safety attitude, which can also imply that the program can be applicable to the children’s education field as a safety education program.
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