정책유형에 따른 정책네트워크의 범위, 권력구조, 관계패턴, 안정성에 대한 연구
저자
발행사항
서울 : 고려대학교 대학원, 2013
학위논문사항
발행연도
2013
작성언어
한국어
주제어
발행국(도시)
서울
기타서명
(A) study on the range, power structure, relation pattern and stability of policy network by policy types
형태사항
xiv, 312 p. : 도표 ; 26 cm
일반주기명
지도교수: 박종민
참고문헌: p. 279-308
DOI식별코드
소장기관
1. Research Question and Deduction of Hypotheses
Existing studies on policy network have followed the premise that policy results are determined by the results of political relations among various actors, however in this study fundamental questions were proposed on whether such premise has been explained methodologically with no significant obstacle, and whether the rest policies themselves that considered policy network only as explanatory variables have been neglected relatively. In order to provide answers to such questions, policies as well as policy network need be classified, and to deduce new premise to pursue generalization of studies on policy network, the necessity to review the relations of policy network and policy types more systematically was discussed. Such discussion after all will enable to deduce the hypothesis that policy network structure will appear different depending on policy types.
2. How policies can be classified?
First off, policies can be classified in various dimensions, however in this study attempt was made to classify policies by two dimensions 'types of coercion' and 'types of goods', and eventually policies were classified into (1) 'distribution policy', (2) 'redistribution policy', (3) 'economic regulation policy' and (4) 'social regulation policy'. Specifically, (1) 'distribution policy' governs a type of public activity where goods provided as positive nature are individual goods; (2) 'redistribution policy' governs a type of public activity where goods provided as positive nature are collective goods; (3) 'economic regulation policy' governs a type of public activity where goods provided as negative nature are individual goods; and (4) 'social regulation policy' governs a type of public activity where goods provided as negative nature are collective goods.
For individual review of these policy types, Brain Korea 21 case was selected on distribution policy, comprehensive real estate holding tax case on redistribution policy, MIT-2000 mobile telecommunication business selection case on economic regulation policy, and GMO safety regulation case on social regulation policy.
3. What elements is policy network composed of?
In the meantime, the issue of defining policy network was reviewed through four elements, range, power structure, relations pattern and stability that existing policy network researchers commonly proposed. In particular, for more objective comparison of network structure, network analysis which can be deemed as structure analysis was applied. As specific indicators that can identify the components of network, actor type, size and density were applied regarding network range, and the four centralities(degree, closeness, betweenness and bonacich) and structural holes regarding network power structure. Meanwhile, regarding relation pattern, separability was reviewed through clique analysis and K-core analysis, while connectivity through centralization, path distance and transitivity, and network stability was judged by reviewing how much change do the whole network elements show depending on policy stages.
4. Verification of the empirical results and hypotheses of network analysis
The network analysis on the aforementioned four cases produced the following results: First off, regarding actor types, in BK21 case, the government and each university emerged as major actors, and in comprehensive real estate tax case, top level actors emerged mostly. Meantime, in the case of MIT-2000 mobile telecommunication business selection, the government and mobile telecommunication businesses emerged mostly, and lastly in the case of GMO safety regulation, the government and various civic organizations showed up as major actors.
Regarding network scale and density, BK21 case showed 56 actors and 8% density, comprehensive real estate tax case 68 actors and 11% density, IMT-2000 business selection case 84 actors and 15% density, and GMO safety regulation case 75 actors and 10% density.
Meantime, regarding the power structure of network, in BK21 case, it was shown that Ministry of Education and prominent universities occupied high ranking overwhelmingly in the four centralities and structural holes, and in the case of comprehensive real estate tax, top level government and large scale organizations occupied top level in majority of indices. On the other hand, in the case of IMT-2000 service regulation case, the government and mobile telecommunication businesses occupied high ranking in the majority of indices as is similar to BK21 case, and in GMO safety regulatiom case, various types of actors showed high ranking in all indices.
The relation patterns of network can be divided broadly into two: separability and connectivity. First, regarding separability, in BK21 case, relation of actors with high separability is found, and in comprehensive real estate tax case, relation of actors with low separability is found. Meantime, in the case of IMT-2000 service regulation, the pattern is similar to distribution policy, but overall, since actor exchanges are more active than distribution policy, separability can be judged relatively low, and in the case of GMO safety regulation, the pattern is similar to redistribution policy, that is, low separability is found.
Next, regarding connectivity, in BK21 case, the connectivity level of network can be deemed very low, but in comprehensive real estate tax case, network connectivity can be considered as relatively high. Meantime, in the case of IMT-2000 service regulation, the pattern is found somewhat complicated, and in GMO safety regulation case, relatively high connectivity level is shown.
Regarding network stability, in BK21 case, network structure is very stable, but in comprehensive real estate tax case, network structure was relatively unstable. Meantime, in IMT-2000 service regulation case, network structure was relatively stable, but in GMO safety regulation case, network structure can be judged unstable.
5. Implication for Policy Research
In summary, the above analysis can reach such conclusion that the range, power structure, relation pattern and stability of policy network may vary depending on distribution policy, redistribution policy, economic regulation policy and social regulation policy. Such results can be deemed as results that suggest the necessity that policy network should be handled as subject to be explained by policy rather than variables that explains policy results.
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