본 연구는 에니어그램 성격유형을 활용한 유아교육기관 중간관리자의 리더십 특성을 분석하고, 각 유형별 중간관리자 특성을 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 이를 통해 유아교육기관 중간관리자의 에니어그램 성격 유형별 리더십의 학문적 기초를 마련하고자 하였다.
이러한 목적에 따라 다음과 같은 연구문제를 설정하였다.

첫째, 에니어그램 성격유형별 유아교육기관의 중간관리자 리더십에 대한 원장의 인식은 어떠한가?
둘째, 에니어그램 성격유형별 유아교육기관의 중간관리자 리더십에 대한 교사의 인식은 어떠한가?
셋째, 에니어그램 성격유형별 유아교육기관의 중간관리자가 인식하는 리더십 특성은 어떠한가?

본 연구는 2013년 1월부터 2013년 5월까지 3차에 걸친 리더십 워크숍을 통해 유아교육기관에 근무하는 5년 이상 경력의 중간관리자 43명과 연구 참여자가 소속된 유아교육기관을 포함하여 원장 41명, 교사 35명, 총 119명의 자료를 수집하여 분석하였다.

본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다.
첫째, 에니어그램 성격유형별 유아교육기관의 중간관리자 리더십에 대한 원장의 인식은 어떠한가?
원장이 인식하는 중간관리자의 리더십 특성에서 5유형은 자기리더십, 섬김리더십, 변환리더십의 특성을 나타냈으며, 구체적으로는 도전, 성실, 배려, 책임의 리더십을 발휘하는 것으로 나타났다. 6유형은 자기리더십과 섬김리더십의 특성을 나타냈으며, 구체적으로 성실, 배려의 리더십을 발휘하는 것으로 나타났으며, 7유형은 섬김리더십과 변환리더십의 나눔과 솔선의 리더십을 발휘하는 것으로 나타났다.
2유형은 순종리더십과 자기리더십, 섬김리더십의 신뢰와 도전, 공감, 경청의 리더십을 발휘하는 것으로 나타났다. 3유형은 순종리더십, 섬김리더십, 변환리더십의 존경과 공감, 책임의 리더십을 발휘하는 것으로 나타났으며, 4유형은 자기리더십 특성 중에 도전의 리더십 특성을 발휘하였다.
8유형은 자기리더십과 변환리더십 특성 중의 용기와 끈기, 책임의 리더십을 발휘하는 것으로 나타났다. 9유형은 순종리더십과 섬김리더십의 존경과 경청, 배려의 리더십을 발휘하였으며, 1유형은 자기리더십과 변환리더십의 성실과 책임 리더십을 발휘하는 것으로 나타났다.

둘째, 에니어그램 성격유형별 유아교육기관의 중간관리자 리더십에 대한 교사의 인식은 어떠한가?

교사가 인식하는 중간관리자의 리더십 특성에서 5유형은 자기리더십, 변환리더십 특성을 나타냈으며, 구체적으로는 성실, 협력의 리더십을 발휘하는 것으로 나타났다. 6유형은 순종리더십과, 변환리더십 특성의 존경, 협력의 리더십을 발휘하였으며, 7유형은 섬김리더십, 자기리더십, 변환리더십 특성 중에 공감, 도전, 협력의 리더십을 발휘하는 것으로 나타났다.

2유형은 순종리더십과 자기리더십, 섬김리더십 특성에서 긍정, 끈기, 배려의 리더십을 발휘하는 것으로 나타났으며, 3유형은 섬김리더십 특성의 배려리더십을 발휘하는 것으로 나타났으며, 4유형은 자기리더십, 섬김리더십 특성에서 상상, 배려의 리더십 특성을 발휘하였다.

8유형은 섬김리더십과 변환리더십 특성 중의 공감, 협력의 리더십을 발휘하는 것으로 나타났다. 9유형은 순종리더십과 섬김리더십에서 겸손, 배려의 리더십을 발휘하였으며, 1유형은 자기리더십과 변환리더십의 성실과 책임리더십을 발휘하는 것으로 나타났다.

셋째, 에니어그램 성격유형별 유아교육기관의 중간관리자가 인식하는 리더십 특성은 어떠한가?

중간관리자 본인이 인식하는 리더십 특성에서 5유형은 자기리더십, 섬김리더십 특성을 나타냈으며, 구체적으로는 도전, 봉사의 리더십을 발휘하는 것으로 나타났다. 6유형은 순종리더십과 섬김리더십 특성의 긍정, 배려 리더십을 발휘하였으며, 7유형은 자기리더십, 섬김리더십의 도전과 배려의 리더십을 발휘하는 것으로 나타났다.

2유형은 순종리더십과 자기리더십, 섬김리더십의 긍정, 도전, 공감의 리더십을 발휘하는 것으로 나타났으며, 3유형은 섬김리더십, 변환리더십 특성에서 배려, 솔선의 리더십을 발휘하는 것으로 나타났으며, 4유형은 자기리더십의 도전 리더십 특성을 발휘하였다.

8유형은 섬김리더십과 변환리더십 특성 중의 배려, 책임의 리더십을 발휘하는 것으로 나타났다. 9유형은 순종리더십, 섬김리더십과 변환리더십의 신뢰와 배려, 협력의 리더십을 발휘하였으며, 1유형은 자기리더십과 변환리더십의 도전과 협력 리더십을 발휘하는 것으로 나타났다.

본 연구는 결과를 토대로 다음과 같은 이론적, 방법론적, 실천적 의의를 갖는다.

이론적 측면에서 에니어그램 성격유형을 활용하여 유아교육기관 중간관리자의 리더십 특성을 분석하여 이를 토대로 새로운 유아교육기관 중간관리자 리더십의 학문적 기초를 제공하였다는 점과 리더십 분석에 있어 순종리더십, 자기리더십, 섬김리더십, 변환리더십에 근거하여 중간관리자의 네 가지 리더십 특성을 설명하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.
방법론적 측면에서는 리더십 워크숍을 통해 중간관리자가 자신의 리더십 특성을 인식할 수 있도록 하고, 중간관리자의 리더십 특성을 파악하기 위해 교사와 원장이 인식하는 리더십특성을 파악함으로써 유아교육기관의 실제 역할에서 중간관리자의 리더십 특성을 분석하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.
실천론적 측면에서는 에니어그램 성격유형별로 중간관리자의 리더십 특성은 상이하며, 동일 유형간에는 유사한 리더십 특성이 나타났다. 이를 근거로 하여 유아교육기관의 실제 현장에서 중간관리자가 리더십을 잘 발휘할 수 있도록 에니어그램 성격유형별 리더십 강화 전략을 개발하고, 각각의 리더십을 향상시킬 수 있는 향후 프로그램 개발이나 구체적인 방법에 대한 이론적 근거를 갖는다는 점에서 그 의의가 있다.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of the leadership of the middle managers who worked at early childhood education institutions using the Enneagram personality type, and to examine the characteristics of the middle managers of each type. As a result of this study, academic fundamentals for leadership of the middle managers who worked at early childhood education institutions would provided according to each Enneagram personality type.
In this study, through three rounds of leadership workshops from January 2013 to May 2013, total of 119 people's data were collected, including 43 people who had middle management career of more than five years to work in early childhood education institutions, 41 directors, and 35 teachers in early childhood education institutions, especially including author's workplace. According to the purpose of this study, the research questions set as the following.
First, What is the director's perceived leadership characteristics of middle manager?
Second, What is the teacher's perceived leadership characteristics of middle manager?
Third, What is the middle manager's perceived leadership characteristics?

The results of this study were as follows.

First, what was the director's perceived leadership characteristics of middle managers according to the Enneagram personality type?

As for the director's perceived leadership characteristics of middle managers, the Type 5 of middle managers were recognized the characteristics of self-leadership, servant leadership, and transformational leadership. In detail, they demonstrated leadership characteristics of challenges, sincerity, consideration, and responsibility. The Type 6 of middle managers were recognized the characteristics of self-leadership and servant leadership. In detail, they demonstrated leadership characteristics of sincerity and consideration. The Type 7 of middle managers were recognized the characteristics of servant leadership and transformational leadership. In detail, they demonstrated leadership characteristics of sharing and leading.

The Type 2 of middle managers were recognized the characteristics of obedient leadership, self-leadership, and servant leadership. In detail, they demonstrated leadership characteristics of trust, challenges, sympathy and listening courteously. The Type 3 of middle managers were recognized the characteristics of obedient leadership, servant leadership, and transformational leadership. In detail, they demonstrated leadership characteristics of respect, sympathy, and responsibility. The Type 4 of middle managers were recognized the characteristics of self-leadership. In detail, they demonstrated leadership characteristics of challenge.

The Type 8 of middle managers were recognized the characteristics of self-leadership and transformational leadership. In detail, they demonstrated leadership characteristics of courage, patience, and responsibility. The Type 9 of middle managers were recognized the characteristics of obedient leadership and servant leadership. In detail, they demonstrated leadership characteristics of respect, listening courteously, and consideration. The Type 1 of middle managers were recognized the characteristics of self-leadership and transformational leadership.
In detail, they demonstrated leadership characteristics of sincerity and responsibility.

Second, what was the teacher's perceived leadership characteristics of middle manager according to the Enneagram personality type?

As for the teacher's perceived leadership characteristics of middle managers, the Type 5 of middle managers were recognized the characteristics of self-leadership and transformational leadership. In detail, they demonstrated leadership characteristics of sincerity and cooperation. The Type 6 of middle managers were recognized the characteristics of obedient leadership and transformational leadership. In detail, they demonstrated leadership characteristics of respect and cooperation. The Type 7 of middle managers were recognized the characteristics of servant leadership, self-leadership and transformational leadership. In detail, they demonstrated leadership characteristics of sympathy, challenges and cooperation.

The Type 2 of middle managers were recognized the characteristics of obedient leadership, self-leadership, and servant leadership. In detail, they demonstrated leadership characteristics of affirmation, patience, and consideration. The Type 3 of middle managers were recognized the characteristics of servant leadership. In detail, they demonstrated leadership characteristics of consideration. The Type 4 of middle managers were recognized the characteristics of self-leadership and servant leadership. In detail, they demonstrated leadership characteristics of imagination and consideration.

The Type 8 of middle managers were recognized the characteristics of servant leadership and transformational leadership. In detail, they demonstrated leadership characteristics of sympathy and cooperation. The Type 9 of middle managers were recognized the characteristics of obedient leadership and servant leadership. In detail, they demonstrated leadership characteristics of modesty and consideration. The Type 1 of middle managers were recognized the characteristics of self-leadership and transformational leadership. In detail, they demonstrated leadership characteristics of sincerity and responsibility.

Third, what was the middle manager's own perceived leadership characteristics according to the Enneagram personality type?

As for the middle manager's own perceived leadership characteristics, the Type 5 of middle managers recognized their own leadership as self-leadership and servant leadership. In detail, they demonstrated leadership characteristics of challenges and self-serving and caring. The Type 6 of middle managers recognized their own leadership as obedient leadership and servant leadership. In detail, they demonstrated leadership characteristics of affirmation and consideration. The Type 7 of middle managers recognized their own leadership as self-leadership and servant leadership. In detail, they demonstrated leadership characteristics of challenges and consideration.

The Type 2 of middle managers recognized their own leadership as obedient leadership, self-leadership and servant leadership. In detail, they demonstrated leadership characteristics of affirmation, challenges and sympathy. The Type 3 of middle managers recognized their own leadership as servant leadership and transformational leadership. In detail, they demonstrated leadership characteristics of consideration and leading. The Type 4 of middle managers recognized their own leadership as self-leadership. In detail, they demonstrated leadership characteristics of challenges.

The Type 8 of middle managers recognized their own leadership as servant leadership and transformational leadership. In detail, they demonstrated leadership characteristics of consideration and responsibility. The Type 9 of middle managers recognized their own leadership as obedient leadership, servant leadership and transformational leadership. In detail, they demonstrated leadership characteristics of trust, consideration and cooperation. The Type 1 of middle managers recognized their own leadership as self-leadership and transformational leadership. In detail, they demonstrated leadership characteristics of challenges and cooperation.

In this study, theoretical, methodological, and practical significance were as the following. As for theoretical significance, new academic fundamentals for the leadership of middle managers who worked at early childhood education institutions were provided with analyzing the characteristics of the leadership of the middle managers using the Enneagram personality type, and the characteristics of the leadership of the middle managers were described by four leadership factors based on the obedient leadership, self-leadership, servant leadership, and transformational leadership.
As for methodological significance, through leadership workshops, middle managers recognized their own characteristics of the leadership, and the characteristics of the leadership of the middle managers were identified by directors and teachers. These are significant findings from the point that the characteristics of the situational leadership for middle managers were analyzed in the field of actual early childhood education institutions.

As for practical significance, according to each Enneagram Personality type, the characteristics of leadership of middle managers were different, but the characteristics of leadership were similar between the same type. Based on this results, it is possible to develop a leadership enhancement strategy by the Enneagram personality type in order to be able to demonstrate a good leadership for middle managers in the field of actual early childhood education institutions, and it is provided with theoretical basis about future programs and specific methods to improve each leadership.