기업가정신이 기업의 사회적 책임(CSR), 경영혁신 및 기업성과에 미치는 영향
The purpose of this study is to find out whether direct effects are seen by examining the impact relation of the entrepreneurship of the manager on CSR, management innovation and corporate performance, and of CSR and management innovation on corporate performance, and of management innovation on corporate performance, to find out whether indirect effects are seen through the mediating role of CSR and management innovation between manager's entrepreneurship and corporate performance, and to find out whether the moderating effects by the types of managers and firm size are seen.
The survey of this study were carried out targeting CEO or executives of the 270 companies surveyed. In case the survey by them were not available, the department heads who had sufficient knowledge and information about the company's management were asked to answer the questionnaire. The survey was conducted from September 25, 2016 to January 16, 2017, for a total of 3 months and 23 days. A total of 550 questionnaires were distributed to the respondents, and 355 of them were collected. Of these, 322 were used for the actual analysis, except for 33 questionnaires with unreliable responses and excessive bias responses.
The main results are as follows. First, the relation between entrepreneurship and corporate performance was not statistically significant and direct effect did not appear. The relation between entrepreneurship and CSR, and the relation between entrepreneurship and management innovation showed direct effects. The fact that there is no a direct effect on the relation between entrepreneurship and corporate performance shows that the entrepreneurship of the manager influences CSR and management innovation rather than influences corporate performance and then induces it. It is not easy for the structured companies which have carried out management activities for a long period of time to show the impact relation that the entrepreneurship of the manager directly affects the corporate performance. In this study, the reason why the direct effect does not appear in the relation between entrepreneurship and corporate performance is considered as the level of structuralization of the company.
Second, in the relationship between CSR, management innovation, and corporate performance, both CSR and management innovation directly affect corporate performance. The direct effect of CSR on corporate performance is attributed to the fact that CSR implementation has stabilized, and the trust and awareness of the company, its products and services from the stakeholder group including customers have improved. The reason for the large direct effect in the relation of management innovation on corporate performance is that the management innovations in company such as organizational and human innovation, products and services improvement, cost reduction, and customer management affect positively corporate performance.
Third, CSR has a direct effect on management innovation in the relation between CSR and management innovation. This means that management innovations such as organization and process innovation are steadily carried out in order to create corporate overall conditions for CSR implementation. If CSR implementation is compulsory or increases corporate performance, it also means that the company has no choice but to innovate.
Fourth, it is confirmed that indirect effects through both CSR and management innovation are significant in the relation between entrepreneurship and corporate performance. The size of the total indirect effect between entrepreneurship and corporate performance consists of indirect effects by the mediating role of CSR, indirect effect by the mediating role of management innovation, indirect effect by the mediating roles of both CSR and management innovation. The fact that the total indirect effect is larger than the direct effect in any path has more implications than anything else. In other words, even if entrepreneurship did not directly affect corporate performance, entrepreneurship caused corporate performance by significantly influencing CSR and management innovation. Because of this fact, entrepreneurship is of great significance. The results of this study suggest that CSR and management innovation play a complete mediating role between entrepreneurship and corporate performance as the direct effect of entrepreneurship on corporate performance is not shown.
Finally, two comparison methods using 'χ2 difference test of constrained and unconstrained model' and 'pairwise parameter comparison' were used for each moderator in order to test whether there is a moderating effect of the moderators which are the types of managers(owner-manager and agent-manager) and firm size(large firms and SMEs). The same results were obtained in both comparison methods. The direct effects of entrepreneurship on CSR and the direct effects of CSR on management innovation differ according to the type of manager. The entrepreneurship of owner-manager has a greater impact on CSR than that of agent-manager. On the other hand, agent-manager's CSR has a greater impact on management innovation than owner-manager's CSR. The direct effects of entrepreneurship on CSR and entrepreneurship on management innovation were found to differ according to firm size. These relations show that SMEs have a greater impact than large firms.
P. Drucker defines 'entrepreneurs' as those who always search for change, respond to it, and exploit it as an opportunity, and 'entrepreneurship' as the practice of entrepreneurs seeking to maximize opportunities. In addition, recent entrepreneurship has strengthened the sense of social responsibility of entrepreneurs and should not be overlooked as a driver of innovation and growth.
The final goal of this study related to major in management consulting is to understand the importance of impact relations between the key variables with entrepreneurship, CSR, management innovation and corporate performance by presenting the results, and is to provide useful implications for the companies' sustainable growth and development.
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