디지털시대 한국사 연구의 확장과 과제
With the advancement of information and communication technologies, the accumulation and spread of information via the "Internet" and "networks" has brought overall changes to society and culture. In South Korea, there have been efforts to accelerate the creation of an environment for digital consumption including the spread of computers, expansion of super-fast Internet networks, and extended distribution of mobile devices. These changes to the electronic and information environment triggered the advent of today's digital age.
Changing patterns have also been observed in the various aspects of historical studies in the nation according to the development of information and communication technologies. Since 1999, in particular, the history academia has worked on the massive digitized historical materials whether it is intended or not. The historical materials that were digitized during the period have been shared via networks instead of remaining in the offline media. As a consequence, access to historical materials has improved tremendously compared with the past. Historical materials based on the innate advantages of digital have been utilized actively both by experts and non-experts and exerted huge influences on the ecology of historical studies in the nation. There are not many cases, however, of analyzing the current state and ripple effects of digitized historical materials for their influences. There are, for instance, no definitions of causes and outcomes in the phenomenon of rapid increases to books, period TV shows and movies, and major content related to history since the 2000s. It has been also neglected that an inflection point was reached where the status of history experts, who used to monopolize supply in the popular culture, collapsed rapidly after the spread of digitized historical materials with the consumers of historical knowledge establishing themselves as producers and suppliers of historical knowledge. It will thus needed to sort out the current state of digitized historical materials in the information environment of a digital age and grant meanings to them in the aspect of digital historical studies in the nation. Based on this need, this study set out to demonstrate that digitized historical materials were at the center of social and cultural changes rather than their original purpose of "digital conversion of historical materials."
The study sorted out the changing process of historical studies to the current stage in today's digital age by examining the expansion process of historical knowledge in the premodern times and the implementation process of historical studies to the current stage according to the advent of a digital age. In addition, it examined a paradigm shift in the historical studies of Korea based on the spread of historical knowledge. The last stage of the paradigm was assumed to be "data revolution" in that online historical materials prevalent in the digital age contributed to the development of historical studies. The process of moving forward with informatization projects was considered to have triggered a process toward the digitized historical materials and further a digital age.
An equation, "provision of information via the Internet," is an idiomatic element in the current concept of digitized historical materials. The methods used to establish data provided via the Internet were categorized according to text and image data. The study also provided additional explanations about various processes in this approach including revocation and writing and the extraction of article titles. Then the current state was explained according to data structures, information about the texts, and writing in Chinese characters as methods to express historical information. The study analyzed classification systems built to promote the convenience of approaches to historical materials, especially the integrated directory of the Korea History Online, to propose an intuitive classification system for users. Lastly, the study proposed a standard model for the digitized historical materials based on the standardized construction and distribution of data.
Cases of digital service for historical materials in the nation were analyzed. Digital historical materials are clearly basic data for historical research, which led to the definition of historical materials websites as "digital platforms about Korean history" and the arrangement and analysis of cases according to the history of the times. Digital historical materials by the times including ancient history, Goryeo, Joseon, and modern and contemporary history were examined along with materials about cultural heritage and tool websites including dictionaries. In addition, overseas digital historical materials considered to be related with Korean history were also sorted out according to the periods. The study also checked the current state of websites creating and offering popular content by combining digitalized materials and the efforts of historical information institutions to communicate and move forward with the public.
Finally, the study described the characteristics of digital historical materials in the nation and the research of Korean history. For the characteristics of digital historical materials, the digitalization process of historical materials was arranged in five features:
1. Government-led projects
2. Reliability of materials
3. Text-based databases
4. Improved efficiency and advancement in search efforts in Chinese characters and Hangul
5. Great value of utilization
When these unique features of digital historical materials about Korean history were put together, they were summarized into a premise of "increased utilization," which means that digital historical materials have been at the center of various social and cultural changes including their active utilization in researches and their borrowing in the popular culture. Moreover, there is concern with the reckless misuse of digital historical materials for their greater ease of use and emphasis on the importance of criticizing historical materials. Users need to recognize the importance of criticizing historical materials, and suppliers need to check the exact lines of historical materials they have accumulated. This will be a base for users to test historical materials actively.
The study defined the testing and criticism of historical materials as an essential process in the utilization of so-called "easily available" digital historical materials, pointing out limitations in case of their misuse without the process and highlighting a need for the criticism of historical materials. In addition, the study examined the utilization of digital historical materials in history education as part of changes to the popularization patterns of history based on a survey. The flooding of historical materials in books, dramas, and movies in the digital age was also analyzed based on the statistical data in the aspect of increasing history-related content. It was concluded that the growing research findings in the field of Korean history and the enhanced completeness of history-related content in the popular culture since the 2000s were greatly attributed to digitalized historical materials.
The present study investigated the Korean history in today's digital age in the aspect of historical informatization. It carried out total analysis of cases of digital historical materials related to Korean history and explored plans for their construction and standardization methods. It also pointed out that historical studies should play different roles from their traditional perceptions in a digital age and proposed new directions for them. The findings of the study demonstrate once again that "digitalization," which created social and cultural sensations, was a medium that led the development of historical studies in a digital age.
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