안전의식과 조직분위기가 경찰공무원의 안전행동에 미치는 영향 = The Effects of Safety Consciousness and Organizational Climate on Police Officers’ Safety Behavior
저자
발행사항
서울 : 동국대학교 일반대학원, 2022
학위논문사항
학위논문(박사) -- 동국대학교 일반대학원 , 경찰행정학과 범죄심리전공 , 2022. 2
발행연도
2022
작성언어
한국어
주제어
DDC
353
발행국(도시)
서울
형태사항
v, 145 p. ; 26 cm
일반주기명
지도교수: 곽대경
UCI식별코드
I804:11020-000000084255
DOI식별코드
소장기관
At this point in time where various kind of accidents and incidents are occurring, it is necessary to look at the safety of police officers who arrive first at the scene to handle and manage the incidents and accidents. Police officers are highly likely to suffer from injured/wounded in the course of performing his/her duties because of the fact that their primary duties mainly consist of protecting the life, body and property of the people, preventing and suppressing crimes, and maintaining public order and security.
Researches on safety accidents in the field of industry have been conducted for a long time. Early studies on preventing safety accidents in industrial safety field had believed that accidents could be prevented through engineering approach but there was a limit to preventing them fundamentally. After that time, researches dealing with human attributes became the mainstream. There was, however, a limit to devising effective measures for safety management because the researches derived inconsistent research results due to the fact that only human factors are considered to be the causes of safety accidents excluding other important factors.
The lack of safety consciousness due to insufficient safety educations, which is a human factor, is pointed out as the causes of such safety accidents, and the relevant public officials’ sense of responsibility, professionality and safe consciousness are required to be changed in case of safety accident. In these regards, the purpose of this research is to verify the effects of police officers’ safety consciousness and organizational climate within the police on their safety behaviors. Safety consciousness, one of the independent variable, was classified
into two sub-variables including safety knowledge and a sense of safety value. Organizational climate, the other independent variable, was classified into four sub-variables including management commitment, safety rules and procedures, safety training, and safety communications. Safety behavior, a dependent variable, was classified into two sub-variables including safety compliance (passive) behavior and safety participation (active) behavior. The research findings on the influence factors affecting police officers’ safety behavior are as follows.
First, looking at the effect of safety consciousness on the compliance behaviors of the police officers, it was found that the safety knowledge and a sense of safety value, which are sub-variables of the safety consciousness, have a positive (+) effect on the compliance behaviors. From the research result, therefore, it can be deduced that the police officers with a high sense of safety values, who think it is valuable to invest their time and cost for safety and working safely for protecting themselves and their organizations, fulfill safety compliance well. In addition, it can be seen that the police officers, who have a high level of safety knowledge such as sharing safety knowledge to their colleagues and knowing how to use equipment, tend to fulfill safety compliance well. Thus, it can be deduced that the higher the safety consciousness of police officers, the more likely it is that safety accident could be prevented in advance and consequently the risk of accidents will be lowered.
Second, looking at the effect of safety consciousness on the participation behaviors of the police officers, it was found that a sense of safety value and safety knowledge, which are sub-variables of the safety consciousness, have a positive (+) effect on the participation behaviors. In that regard, it can be seen that the higher the safety consciousness, the more active participations. Thus, various measures should be devised to raise police officers’ a sense of safety value or to equip them with the safety knowledge, which are sub-variables of the safety consciousness, for instilling safety consciousness within the police organizations in order to reduce safety accidents.
Third, looking at the effect of organizational climate on the compliance behaviors of the police officers, it was found that safety rules and procedures, safety training, and safety communications which are sub-variables of the organizational climate, have a positive (+) effect on the compliance behaviors. In this regard, it can be deduced that the police officers with a high level of consciousness on the safety rules and procedures, the safety training, and the safety communications tend to fulfill safety compliance well. Particularly, it is considered that safety communications improve organizational performance by solving problems effectively because members of the organization can exchange and share information with each other through open communications. Applying this inference to a police organization, it is possible to perform safety behaviors by creating an organizational climate that helps to share and solve safety problems through safety communications between the police officers.
Fourth, looking at the effect of organizational climate on the participation behaviors of the police officers, it was found that safety rules and procedures, and safety communications which are sub-variables of the organizational climate, have a positive (+) effect on the participation behaviors. Thus, It can be seen that police officers who have a more positive consciousness on safety rules and procedure tend to participate more actively so that an organizational climate which complies with safety rules and procedure within the police organization can lead police officers’ active participations. In addition, it means that safety communications can deliver their participation behaviors such as active information sharing through free communications about safety within the police organization.
Fifth, it was found that the variables, in the order of safety communications, safety knowledge, a sense of safety value, and safety training, affect police officers’ compliance behaviors through the hierarchical regression analysis model 3. This would mean that the more safety communications between police officers such as information exchange on safety and discussion on problem solving within the organization, the more active fulfillment of safety compliance by them such as following safety procedures. It was found that the variables in the order of safety knowledge, safety communications, and a sense of safety value, affect police officers’ participation behaviors through the hierarchical regression analysis model 6. It can be seen that the police officers who have a higher level of knowledge on safety tend to participate on safety behaviors more actively. Thus, this suggests that policy measures should be utilized differently depending on whether the safety behavior required from police officers is compliance or participation behavior.
Sixth, looking at the mediating effect analysis on safety consciousness, it was found that a sense of safety value as well as safety knowledge, the sub-factors of the safety consciousness, have a partial mediating effect in the relationship between organizational climate and safety behaviors. Neal & Griffin (2006) found that the perception of safety consciousness has a positive relationship with safety behaviors, and safety consciousness and safety climate have a negative relationship with safety accidents. In other words, it can be seen that the negative organizational climate for safety affects safety consciousness and causes behaviors that ignore safety procedures so that they increase the likelihood of safety accidents. Therefore, since safety consciousness such as a sense of safety value and knowledge is not formed in a short period of time, it is necessary to instill safety consciousness continuously.
이 연구는 경찰 공무원의 안전의식과 경찰내의 조직분위기가 경찰의 안전행동에 미치는 영향을 검증하는 데에 목적이 있다. 독립변수인 안전의식은 가치적·정서적 측면인 안전가치관과 인지적 측면인 안전지식으로 구분하였고 조직분위기는 고위층의 안전에 대한 가치, 안전규정과 절차, 안전교육, 안전의사소통을 구성요소로 보았다. 종속변수인 안전행동은 소극적·수동적 행동인 안전순응행동과 적극적·능동적 안전참여행동으로 구분하여 측정하고 검토하였다. 또한 조직분위기와 안전행동 관계에서 안전의식의 매개효과를 검증하였다.
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