新羅 眞興王代 新宮 垈地造成 硏究
The purpose of this study is to investigate the facts of the new palace in King
Jinheung era of Silla, based on archaeological data. In particular, the study aims
to clarify that the site formation layer, which is the site of Hwangnyongsa, was
the basic facility of the new palace. In addition, it is to reveal that manpower at
the national level, as it was in building up Silla fortress and reservoirs, was
mobilized in the construction of the site of the new palace.
According to the foundation record of Hwangnyongsa in ‘Samguk Sagi’ and
‘Samguk Yusa’, when a new palace was being built in the 14th year of King
Jinheung (553), a Hwangnyong appeared, thus the building was reconstructed as
a Buddhist temple. The archeological mater als that match this record include
wetlands and the structure of the three-compartment layout of Hwangnyongsa
Temple’s founding site. In particular, wetlands have been attracting attention
from early on as data that proves the histor cal fact that a new place was built
in the reign of King Jinheung. The site formation layer filled on this wetland is
also judged to be an archeological mater al that can prove the construction of the
new palace.
Therefore, foc sing on the site formation layer confirmed in the recent
excavations of the southern ruins of Hwangnyongsa Temple and the
supplementary investigation area of Hwangnyongsa Temple, it was found that
the site formation layer was the basic facility for the construction of the new
palace in the 14th year of King Jinheung before the construction of Hwan
gnyongsa Temple. Also, based on the scale and construction method of the site
formation layer of the new palace, it was proved that the national level of
manpower as it was in building up Silla fortress and reservoirs, was mobilized
for the construction of the new palace site. The contents are summarized as
follows.
Based on the subdivision fill and earthen bank as foundation, the pattern of the
site composition layer being constructed as a fill structure on the wetland was
investigated. In order to create a site in a special environment called a wetland,
it was judged that the site was created by 1) making a drainage ditch on the
outskirts, 2) building earthen banks in the west, south, and north parts of the
low land, and 3) sequentially filling the land from east to west. The site
composition layer restored with this structure has an east-west length of 280m, a
north-south length of 286m, and average height of about 2m, and a volume of
160,160m3.
Next, by analyzing the pottery and roof tiles newly reported from the above
two relics, an examination was carried out on the pottery from the foundation
period of Hwangnyongsa, which is controversial in the Silla pottery study.
period of Hwangnyongsa was clearly established. As a result, the earthenware of
the wetland layer was compiled in the second quarter of the 6th century, and the
site formation layer in the middle of the 6th century, making it clear that the
earthenware was made dur ng the foundation period of Hwangnyongsa Temple.
Based on the resettlement of Hwangnyongsa’s foundation earthenware, the site
formation layer was considered to have been built in the reign of King Jinheung,
and it was judged to be the data consistent with Hwangnyongsa’s founding
record (533).
In order to supplement the site formation layer discussed above, the maximum
extent of the site formation layer was estimated by analyzing the fences built in
all di ections of Hwangnyongsa Temple and the Silla room section road. As a
result, the east boundary is the middle part of the north-south road, and the
south, west, and north boundaries are set inside the road based on the point that
the site formation layer is not identified in the lower part of the road.
By comparing and examining the archeological data of the same period of Silla
and Baekje, it was confirmed that the site formation layer was the only
embankment structure of the urban ruins at that time. Then an analysis was
carried out on the strip foundation of the building, which is judged to be the
first building on the site formation layer, and assumed it to be a new palace
building. Therefore, it was judged that the site formation layer corresponding to
the base of the new palace building was the founding facility for the new palace
building.
The founding facilities of the new palace were the same fill structures as the
Silla castle and reservoir in the same period, and it was proved that a
large-scale manpower at the national level was mobilized. The Silla castle and
the reservoir still exist today, and there is a monument with inscription that
pairs with them. By examining the scale, manpower, and construction period of
these two mater als, the amount of labor of the site forming layer for the new
palace was calculated. As a result, the volume (160,160㎥) of the site formation
layer of the new palace was calculated to be a labor force of 30,800 to 34,070
people per year, and the total construction period was calculated to be 101 to 110
days
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