국어 '태'의 통시적 연구 = (A) Diachronic study on the Korean 'voice'
저자
발행사항
대전 : 충남대학교 대학원, 2001
학위논문사항
학위논문(박사) -- 충남대학교 대학원 , 국어국문학과 국어학전공 , 2001
발행연도
2001
작성언어
한국어
주제어
KDC
715 판사항(4)
DDC
411
발행국(도시)
대전
형태사항
ii, 246p. ; 26cm .
일반주기명
부록수록
참고문헌: p. 179-189
소장기관
In this study I have surveyed the concepts of the voice based on general linguistics, examined the verification of establishing the voice category as a higher category of both causative voice and passive voice, defined the concepts of causative and passive related to the voice concept as a higher category, and classified the types and categories of causative and passive. Based on these I have discussed the correspondence of Korean derived voice strategy to the strategy of accusative language in the light of the voice strategy from the linguistic typological viewpoint. In addition, I have turned up the pattern and the cause of diachronic change of derivational derived voice strategy through diachronic study on causative and passive verb of Korean language. The main points of this study are as follows.
First, I have defined the concept of the voice and established its category. Even though several previous studies have considered causative and passive as a kind of voice, they have actually treated these as separate categories or dealt with the affixes of these separately. Realizing this contradiction, in this study I have paved the way for the possibility of treating causative and passive as one grammatical category called voice by examining general linguistic concept of voice and characteristics of voice category in terms of pragmatics and cognitive linguistics as well as typology and syntax. And I have examined the verification of establishing the voice category as a higher category of causative and passive, as a basis of which I have examined the correlation of causative affix and passive one in terms of both phonology and typology, and syntax and semantics. Also, I have shown that there is the characteristic of the passive sentence distinguished from the intransitive sentence in the relationship between intransitive and passive, and there is the characteristic of the causative sentence distinguished from the transitive sentence in the relationship between transitive and causative. By doing this I have argued that it is necessary to deal with these categories independently in Korean grammar. On the basis of this argument I have divided the voice category into the subcategories of basic voice and derived voice, and again derived voice into the causative and passive.
Next, I have examined the data of Middle and Modern Korean, that is, Pre-contemporary Korean to see the voice realizing types and diachronic change pattern of the derivational derived voice verbs. That is to say, I have studied the diachronic change patterns of 365 words extracted from the Middle and Modern Korean literatures, and classified them as 6 types of voice strategy. Through this study method, I have suggested more accurate and corroborative basis of argument on the diachronic change patterns of the Korean voice.
Then, I have turned up the direction and the cause of the voice strategy change of pre-contemporary Korean by studying the statistic result on the diachronic change pattern of the Korean voice. While Middle Korean had plenty of words of which both causative and passive are derived from basic voice of intransitive, Contemporary Korean words comes to take stable voice strategy. And I have found that while in Middle Korean there were lots of words used as an ergative verb, which is the verb showing the function of the intransitive verb and the transitive verb, those verbs mostly tends to take stable voice pattern such as derivational derived voice in contemporary Korean. In the course of the change of the voice realization, causative and passive verbs experienced very gradual change, and diachronically there were plenty of words showing overlapping of function and forms. These linguistic phenomena means that the changing course of causative and passive verbs were not simple. And I have pointed out that especially causative verbs in Contemporary Korean comes to take less functional burden, while passive verbs takes more. This is the different point of view from that of several previous related studies which views both causative and passive verbs have changed in the direction of syntax. And suggesting real data, I have contradicted the past studies that views the cause of causative and passive verbs in the direction of syntax as the realization of affix into the same form. I have shown that those words realizing their causative and passive into the same forms have increased diachronically while those words realizing their causative passive into the different forms have decreased diachronically, only four words of which remains in contemporary Korean. Therefore I have argued that from middle Korean to contemporary Korean the changing pattern of causative and passive verbs takes on the characteristics of being movable to each other within the derivational derived voice. There are several causes for the derivational derived voice verbs to disappear, some of which are explained by that the overlapping phenomena of function and forms happens during the changing course, or the boundary between stem and affix becomes unclear due to some morphological or phonological reasons, and this phenomena causes them to disappear. For example, I can take the confusion of the form of '□이다' and its cause.
Finally, I have examined the morphological and phonological change of the causative and passive suffix forms. While several studies considers causative and passive suffix to be mutually exclusive, in fact the diachronic study shows that there are increasingly plenty of words realizing their causative and passive voice into the same forms in the course of development into contemporary Korean, which tells that people made some efforts to distinguish the stems of basic verbs from voice suffix, but they did not try to distinguish them by the suffix forms of the causative and passive verbs.
In addition, I have found that causative and passive affixes have experienced their changes in different forms from other derivational affixes. In most cases, once the derivational affixes combine, they do not try to combine double or distinguish stems from affixes. Rather there are plenty of words whose boundary between stem and affix is very unclear. On the other hand, the diachronic change of causative and passive affix has been directed into distinguishing stem from derivational derived affix, and this phenomenon has caused both the overlapping of causative and passive affixes and the reconstruction of the affix forms.
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