현대 박물관의 개념은 전시기능을 비롯하여 수장, 연구, 교육, 자료제공, 학습등의 활동을 효과적으로 수행해 내기 위한 다양한 프로그램을 개발하여, 궁극적으로 문화의 총체성을 지향하려는 열린 공간, 확대된 기구로서의 사회적 역할을 수행하는 방향으로 전개되고 있다. 특히 최근의 경우 인터넷을 통한 정보화시대의 웹 공간계획에 따른 웹 공간 인프라의 구축은 대중들��온라인과 오프라인 상의 접근을 모두 가능하게 하고 있는 바 향후의 박물관 공간은 물리적 공간 체계에서뿐만 아니라 온라인 상의 가상공간에서도 이에 상응한 내용으로 편성되어져야 할 것으로 판단된다. 이에 본 연구는 인터넷의 대중화와 함께 급격히 증가하고 있는 가상공간 사용자들을 대상으로 박물관 웹 공간의 구성과 사용성을 파악하고 웹 공간의 구조적 특성분석을 통해 보다 객관적인 평가 기준을 검토함으로서 가상 박물관의 정보건축(information architecture)의 설계를 위한 데이터 베이스 구축을 그 목적으로 연구하였다.
연구의 범위는 국립중앙과학관과 전시 프로그램이 유사한 국내·외 과학관 27개관을 선정하여 웹 공간에 대해 일반인 질문법 설문평가를 실시하고 그 중 평가도가 높은 상위 9개관을 대상을 전문가의 발견적 평가설문과 공간구문 분석법에 의한 웹 공간구조를 분석하였다.
먼저 분석 사례대상 과학관의 웹 공간의 컨텐츠 체계와 구조, 공간연결의 시스템과 표현방법, 프로그램 등의 인터페이스요소를 조사하고 설문 대상은 일반인과 전문가 그룹으로 크게 나누었으며 일반인 평가를 대상으로 한 27개의 조사대상 박물관에 대해 평가 하였다. 전문가를 대상으로 한 평가는 일반인의 평가에서 사용성이 높게 나타난 9개관을 선정하여 일반인 평가 반응과 상호 비교하여 항목별로 긍정적 부분과 부정적인 반응에 대하여 평가·분석하였다.
그 문항은 시스템 상태에 관한 가시성, 시스템과 실세계간의 일치 사용자의 통제와 자유, 일관성과 표준, 실수방지, 회상보다는 재인식, 사용의 유연성과 효율성, 심미적이고 최소화된 디자인, 사용자들의 실수와 복구 관련된 도움말과 사용자 설명서에 관한 설문이다.
웹 공간에서 표현되는 언어들은 커뮤니케이션의 대상이 아니라 전달하고자 하는 내용의 구조와 한계를 규정한다. 이러한 의미에서 공간은 언어와 유사한 체계를 가지며 공간에 있어서의 법칙들은 디자인의 대상이 아니라 조합된 가능성을 제한하고 구조화함으로 공간에서의 한계를 규정하고 있으므로 웹 공간 구조에서도 Space Syntax에 의 한 사용자의 행동 공간들을 파악해 봄과 동시에 사용자 평가를 통하여 웹 공간의 구성특성을 파악할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.
본 조사 분석에서는 convex analysis를 요소단위 한 페이지로 convex공간을 분할하여 웹 공간구조를 justified graph로 나타낸 각 공간동선의 분석으로 통제공간의 전체에 대한 기여도, 상위변수공간 등의 의미와 구조형태를 분석한다.
웹 공간에 있어서 통제도가 높은 공간은 내용 컨텐츠가 여러 공간으로 접근할 수 있는 상위 공간의 경우이며, 이는 내용 분류가 세분화 된 공간, 공간 연결도가 많은 공간으로 사용자가 여러 공간으로의 인지가 쉽고 접근 확률도 높은 공간으로 판단된다.
따라서 공간 value의 분포, level 공간의 기여도, 공간구조형태 비교, 통제도가 큰 의미공간, 전체에 대한 특정공간의 구성비율로 웹 공간의 구조를 분석한다.
본 조사 연구는 사용성 평가를 이용한 각 관의 특정요소를 찾고 사용자 인지공간의 선호도 분석과 구조평가를 통해 집중된 의미공간과 그 요소들, 공간분포의 균등·비 균등한 구조 구성을 파악하여 심미적이면서 청량적인 공간분석으로 새로운 가상 박물관의 공간을 이해하고 웹 공간 정보설계의 객관적 평가 기준지침을 마련하는 기초자료로서의 의의를 갖는다.

The concept of modern museum is to develop the various program to execute the function effectively such as exhibition, collection, research, education, supplication of material, study, and finally, to expand to the direction that to perform its role the social part as the extended system and the open space which intends to understand the culture as a whole thing. Especially, recently, the construction of web space infra followed by the information era through internet makes it possible to the people, to approach to the on-off line museum. So the future museum space should be organized like there way not only in the physical space but also in the cyber space. This study intends to the construction of data base to plan an information architecture of a cyber museum by understanding of usability and construction of cyber museum and then, the investigating more objective standards by a constructive analysis of web space.
The study selects the national science museum and the 27 science museums inside and outside of the country which have similar exhibition program and poses a question to the non-expert users, then selects 9 museums which have higher evaluation and analyzes the web space by the heuristic evaluation and space syntax analysis of the experts.
Space syntax theory is used to convert one page on the web site to a unit space as one convex. Space construction by a constructive hierarchy and taxonomy and mutual relation is valued and analyzed by the connection of unit spaces which is divided by justified graph and the connectivity, control value, global and local integration from the preceding process.
The language in the web space prescribes the limit and the structure of the thing to convey. From this point, space has similar structure with language, the law in the space is not the object of the designer rather it restricts the combined possibility and make a limit in the space, it can be possible, to understand the active space of user by space syntax and the constructive feature of web space using usability tests.
According to the results of the investigation of the interface contents such as the system and the structure of web space, the system and the method of exhibition of space connection, and the program, image and text are used to express the contents of exhibition and the expression of education program in the web space design element while, in some cases, the moving image is used in cyber lecture and broadcast. Because of the educational peculiarity of science museum, the main users are student. The space which can be shared with teachers, parents and preschool children shows the variety of user class, The space construction is divided by the meaning. And the system is divided by the subject or the classification of work. And most of constructions are consist of hierarchy. Moreover, space construction is divided by according to whether the necessity space in the cyber space is classified or not, and of horizontal and vertical depth. And the result shows that the horizontal case has about 7-9 and the vertical has about 2-5 conceptual space.
The valuation of web space is how the system is easy and convenient to use from the viewpoint of user. And the objective data can be obtained from the experience of the people who have used the web site.
The non-expert the general public test evaluation is accomplished by the participant with explaining the necessary terms in questionnaire in the similar with the real surroundings about the 27 museum.
The expert case is evaluated and analyzed for the 9 museums which get higher usability in non-expert evaluation about the itemized negative and positive points with comparition to the non-expert's results.
The research question problem are consist of 4 terms(contents, design, usability, and overall) from non-expert's questions, 8 of contents, 12 of design, 9 of usability, and 8 of overall questions. The expert investigations are extracted from the web space usability evaluation research from Georgia tech Research.
In the expert investigation, the results can be obtained from such as visibility about the system condition, the agreement between system and the real world, the freedom and control of user, the standard and consistency, the prevention of error, the recognition rather than remembrance, the efficiency and flexibility, the esthetic and minimized design, the help content about the user's manual, and the explanation about the question.
The non-expert usability valuation, the users recognize about the contents highly when, first, the substantive labeling space has 4~6 horizontal label(Miami Museum, South Carolina State Museum), second, when the space has relatively clear label structure(Questacon), and finally, when the constructively implied meaning is put in the higher space(South Carolina State Museum, Valkommen till Teknikens Hus).
For the design, the design recognition gets higher score when, first, the frame is partitioned clearly(Denver Museum, National Museum of Science and Industry), second, having simple and clear effect by using a few colors(National Museum of Science and Industry, Experimentarium Forside), finally, having better usability to find by the meaning classification using color(Questacon).
For the usability, the recognition stands highly for the case of the clear frame being used and using bigger text than other sample. For the overall recognition, the cases such as using graphical button(Detroit Science Center, the California Science Center), having moving picture(Questacon) and though using monotonous color but having great notification(National Museum of Science and Industry) get higher score.
So the results show that having more response in contents and design, having more usability and overall impression which means that the text and design construction which has the restricted meaning can affect the recognition of web space image.'
The evaluation and analysis have been done about the classification of meaning, usability according to design and the overall impression for the 9 museums which get higher score in non-expert valuation.
The cases such as notifying the position and the path of user, providing the method for the next depth level, adding simple explanation showing space and having stepping labeling according to the construction have been chose for the affirmative factor.
And the things helps the navigation in the web space such as having clear constructive calcification, using icons and pictures, and having clear lay-out in the letter in menu, the size of the text and the design. The factor makes it easier to transfer between the space such as the classification method by user, having noun and verb form, classifying the meaning using color in main space, disposing the meaning labeling using color, and having the space menu always at the same position.
The space syntax means the skill which can represent and make quantitatively the space constructive factor and through the quantitative space, it is possible to analyze thee space construction. For this work, the variables such as the justified graph-this can represent the connection and the depth construction between the space and the mutual closeness by representing the unit space-, the connectivity being represented as the connective degree between the neighboring space.
This study analyzed the meaning and the constructive configuration of the higher rank variable space and the control space's contribution to the whole by the division the convex space as regarding the convex analysis as the factor unit one page.
1) The distribution of space value
Each space value distribution in the whole construction by the manifesting the control value as the accumulated percentage. And that can make it possible to compare the uniform and non-uniform distribution, in space construction, in most of case it is a uniform construction it has high degree of control of higher space and the vertical step is less than 3 degree and it has even distribution of space arrangement in vertical and horizontal construction. On the other hand, when the distribution decreases gradually, the vertical depth construction is not uniform from [l]evel and is divided to partial spaces, the control value is not uniform.
2) The distribution of level space
The higher contribution space, if it be seen from the whole space, has most sub-space in that space. Most of science museum web space has big(large?) control value in first level in main. And it has the largest contribution in exhibition space and it can be understood the contribution distribution of each space.
3) The comparison of space construction shape
The comparison of space construction shape has been executed by making the level which has the great level change value as x-axis and the number which can be obtained by the subtraction the standard deviation from the number having the largest step width. The space construction is the range of early fluctuation mainly divided to 3 shape and it can be seen that the most of is large also at the case of having equal change, the right and left space distribution is balanced. At the case of having nonequal change it is the contrary.
4) contents with big control value
The meaning analysis in the highest 2 items in control value is consist of 6 information, 5exhibition, and 5 education museum, which show that in the web space users can contact with various space in the field of information, exhibition and education. Also this result shows that the subdivided meaning space in web space division and the characteristic factor in that space.
In the numerica value of whole unification degree, the analysis about the meaning item which including the higher 10%, 20%, 30% space shows that the space having great unification degree also has high value in exhibition and information space. In the web space of science museum, information exhibition and education space is the great control value space in higher space and the meaning of the space can be seen. Also by the difference of control value distribution, it can be shown how an arbitrary space can influence on the whole space construction.
5) The percentage of the specific space to the whole space
It can be shown from the analysis of the percentage of the higher item meaning space that it is possible to access from one space to several space, it can be seen variety of the division of contents and it can be understood which space is the main constructive item from the whole space.
The results from question evaluation and the analysis of web space construction in this thesis is like this. By the question about usability to the non-experts and the experts, it cab be understood the meaning construction and the design factor of web space the relation between the usability add the entire impression. And, through this, the preference and demands of users can be grasped. Also it can be understood that the analysis of web space construction by using the degree of space connection, the specific meaning space's attribution to the whole space, the arrangement of structure, the contents space, and the recognition space is one of the method to understand the specific feature of the web space.
Consequently, this thesis has the significance as a foundational materials to make a objective standard in web space information planning and can analyze the space structure of cyber museum.