신흥 국제행위자로서의 도시 연구를 위한 시론 = Study of Cities as Emerging International Actors

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 새롭게 부상하는 전지구적 도전에 대응하는 국제사회의 노력 중 신흥 국제행위자로서의 도시 역할을 고찰하는 것을 목표로 한다. 도시는 기존 영토국가 내의 공간적, 행정적 단위 이상의 역할을 수행하고 긴밀하게 연결된 국제사회 속에서 주요 행위자로 부상하고 있다. 기존 주요 도시들의 개별적인 국제활동 영역을 넘어 도시 다핵적 기능을중심으로 하여 도시지역권(City-Regions)에서 긴밀한 네트워크를 형성하는 현상은 주권국가를 핵심으로 한 전통적 다자주의에서 신흥 행위자가 제공할 수 있는 역동성을 연구할 필요성을 제시한다. 구체적으로 본 연구는 유럽 도시들의 국제네트워크 활동을 분석함으로써 다자주의의 신흥행위자로서의 도시연구의 필요성을 제시함과 동시에 도시의 국제적 활동이 심화될수록 도시 간 비대칭적 위계구조가 고착화될 가능성을 제시한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims to explore the role of cities as emerging international actors in response to the newly arising global challenges. Beyond their traditional roles as spatial and administrative units within sovereign states, cities now perform functions that elevate their status, becoming critical actors in a closely-knit international community. With the individual international activities of major cities, there is an emerging trend where cities are forming dense networks around their polycentric functions, especially within “City-Regions.” This phenomenon, transcending the traditional multilateralism centered on sovereign states, underscores the need to study the dynamism that these emerging actors can offer. Specifically, by analyzing the international network activities of European cities, this research not only emphasizes the importance of studying cities as emerging actors in multilateralism but also suggests that as international activities of cities intensify, there is a potential for entrenched asymmetrical and hierarchical structures among cities.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 홍석훈 ; 박은주 ; 김형수, "해외 지자체 도시외교 성공사례 연구: 지자체 공공외교 추진 과제를 중심으로" 동아시아국제정치학회 24 (24): 177-210, 2021
• 2 오창룡, "제네바의 도시외교: 평화구축 플랫폼 확장을 중심으로" 한국유럽학회 38 (38): 121-144, 2020
• 3 고주현, "외교의 도시 브뤼셀: 도시외교 거버넌스와 대외관계 전략" 한국유럽학회 38 (38): 169-196, 2020
• 4 안지호 ; 허창배, "라인루르-란트스타트 네트워크 도시 사례를 통한 새로운 남북교류협력 가능성 탐색: 경기서북부 평화경제 네트워크 도시를 중심으로" 한독사회과학회 31 (31): 104-130, 2021
• 5 장혜영 ; 김주희, "도시지역권(City-regions) vs. 기능적 다핵도시권 (Functional Polycentric city-regions): 영국 파워하우스(Powerhouse)와 독일 메트로폴 루르(Metropole Ruhr) 사례" 한국유럽학회 39 (39): 85-118, 2021
• 6 장혜영 ; 김주희, "도시지역권(City-Regions) 거버넌스 분석: 독일과 영국 사례" 한국유럽학회 40 (40): 95-123, 2022
• 7 이양호, "도시의 불평등과 복지: 베를린, 파리, 런던 비교연구" 한독사회과학회 29 (29): 121-147, 2019
• 8 김주희, "공공외교와 도시외교: 베를린의 도시브랜딩 사례를 중심으로" 국제지역연구센터 25 (25): 269-296, 2021
• 9 Our Data In World, "Urbanization"
• 10 UN, "UN World Urbanization Prospects"
• 11 UN conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development, "UN Habitat III New Urban Agenda"
• 12 Bloomberg City Lab, "Top Metros Have More Economic Power Than Most Nations"
• 13 Jones, Colin, "Tiered housing markets and their relationship to labour market areas" 49 (49): 2633-2650, 2012
• 14 Hampson, Fen Osler, "The ‘New’ Multilateralism of the Twenty-First Century" 17 (17): 299-310, 2011
• 15 Sassen, Saskia, "The global city: New York, London, Tokyo" Princeton University Press 1991
• 16 Sassen, Saskia, "The global city: New York, London, Tokyo" Princeton University Press 2001
• 17 Acuto, Michele, "The city as actor in UN frameworks : formalizing ‘urban agency’ in the international system?" 11 (11): 519-536, 2023
• 18 Friedmann, John, "The World City Hypothesis" 17 (17): 69-83, 1986
• 19 Klaus, Ian, "The State of City Diplomacy" 7 (7): 61-66, 2020
• 20 Hall, Peter, "The Polycentric Metropolis: Learning from Mega-City Regions in Europe" Routledge 2006
• 21 Glasius, Marlies, "The International Criminal Court as a site of resistance" 4 (4): 325-345, 2010
• 22 City Lab, "The Human Challenge of Global Urban Development"
• 23 Sassen, Saskia, "The Global city : Strategic Site/ New Frontier" 41 (41): 79-95, 2000
• 24 Glasius, Marlies, "The Global Movement of 2011 : Democracy, Social Justice and Dignity" 44 (44): 547-567, 2013
• 25 World Economic Forum, "The Competitiveness of Cities" Global Agenda council on Competitiveness 2014
• 26 Soft Power30, "Soft Power 30"
• 27 Acuto, Michele, "Seeing COVID-19 through an urban lens" 3 : 977-978, 2020
• 28 A.K. Kearney, "Readiness for the storm: the 2022 Global Cities Report"
• 29 Nogueira, Mara, "Preserving the(right kind of)city : The urban politics of the middle classes in Belo Horizonte, Brazil" 57 (57): 2163-2180, 2020
• 30 Shimomura, Tetsuya, "Policies to Enhance the Physical Urban Environment for Competitiveness: A New Partnership between Public and Private Sectors" OECD 1-52, 2010
• 31 Tavares, Rodrigo, "Paradiplomacy: Cities and States as Global Players" Oxford University Press 2016
• 32 OECD, "OECD Territorial Reviews: Competitive Cities in the Global Economy" 1-73, 2006
• 33 Stanzel, Volker, "New Realities in Foreign Affairs: Diplomacyh in the 21st Century" Gernman Institute for International and Security Affairs 1-73, 2018
• 34 Ruggie, John Gerard, "Multilateralism: the Anatomy of an Institution" 46 (46): 561-598, 1992
• 35 Keohane, Robert O, "Multilateralism: An Agenda for Research" 45 (45): 731-764, 1990
• 36 Raymond, Mark, "Multi-stakeholderism: Anatomy of an inchoate Global Institution" Global Commission on Internet Governance. Charham House 1-30, 2016
• 37 Pflieger, Geraldine, "Introduction. Urban Networks and Network Theory : The City as the Connector of Multiple Networks" 47 (47): 2723-2735, 2010
• 38 European Commission, "Identifying indicators of progress for cities and sustainable urban development"
• 39 Brookings, "How to make the most of city diplomacy in the COVID-19 era"
• 40 Sassen, Saskia, "Globalization and its discontents" The Free Press 1999
• 41 Scott, Allen, "Global City-Regions: Trends, Theory, Policy" Oxford University Press 2001
• 42 Acuto, Michele, "Global Cities as Actors: A Rejoinder to Calder and de Freytas" 29 (29): 175-178, 2009
• 43 Abrahamson, Mark, "Global Cities" Oxford University Press 2004
• 44 UNU, "Forget the Nation State Cities Will Transform the Way We Conduct Foreign Affairs"
• 45 World Economic Forum, "Five Key Lessons City Competitiveness"
• 46 Kilroy, Austin Francis Louis, "Competitive Cities: A Local Solution to a Global Lack of Growth and Jobs:what, who, and how. Competitive cities for jobs and growth" World Bank Group 2015
• 47 World Bank, "Competitive Cities for Jobs and Growth: What, Who and How" 2015
• 48 Acuto, Michele, "City Networks: breaking gridlocks or forging(new)lock-ins?" 92 (92): 1147-1166, 2016
• 49 Acuto, Michele, "City Leadership in Global Governance" 19 (19): 481-498, 2013
• 50 Pluijm, Rogier van der, "City Diplomacy: the expalding role of cities in international politics" Netherlands Institute of International Relations 2007
• 51 Savitch, Hank V., "Cities in International Marketplace" Princeton university Press 2002
• 52 Tassilo Herrschel, "Cities as International Actors: Urban and Regional Governance Beyond the Nation State" Springer 2017
• 53 Curtis, Simon, "Cities and Global Governance : State Failure or a New Global Order?" 44 (44): 455-477, 2016
• 54 Hachigan, Nina, "Cities Will Determine the Future of Diplomacy" 16 : 2019
• 55 Herrschel, Tassilo, "Cites as International Actors: Urban and Regional Governance Beyond the Nation State" Palgrave Macmillan 2017
• 56 David Satterthwaite, "Changes in rank of the 20 largest cities for 1950 to 2020"
• 57 C40 Cities, "C40 Annual Report 2022"
• 58 De Jong, Sijbren, "Better Together: Towards a new cooperation portfolio for defense" The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies 2016
• 59 Keck, Margaret. E., "Activists beyond Borders" Cornell University Press 1998
• 60 Parnell, Susan, "(Re)theorizing cities from the Global South:Looking beyond neoliberalism" 33 (33): 593-617, 2012