高麗·元 王室通婚의 政治的 의미 = The Political Nature of the Royal Matrimonies arranged between the Royal families of Koryo and the Mongol empire
저자
李命美 (서울대학교 국사학과)
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
2003
작성언어
Korean
주제어
KDC
711.000
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
7-85(79쪽)
제공처
소장기관
Though their first contact came in early 1218, the relationship between the Koryo dynasty and the Mongol forces was very shaky to say the least, repeating hostile encounters and subsequent truces, until Koryo finally yielded to the superiority of the Mongol empire in 1260. But the tensions were still there, as Koryo refused to, or at least were not so forthcoming in performing certain duties that the Mongol empire ordered Koryo to carry out. Those duties included several issues, such as the exercise of 6 Major duties that the Mongol leaders traditionally required their newly subdued entities to perform, or the Mongols' request of Koryo to play an important role in scouting the nearby Japan, or the Mongol's order of the Kofyo government to surrender the Ganghwa provisional capital and return to the old one at once. These series of clashes were basically due to a fact that the governments of both Koryo and the Mongol empire were viewing the concept of the co-called 'Truce' that was established here very differently, as the former was accustomed to the traditional concept of Chinese 'Sadae relationship(toadyism)', while the latter's nomadic nature forced themselves to expect very differently.
The unstable relationship between the two, however, was stabilized by a series of Royal matrimonies arranged between several members of both dynasty's Royal houses. These matrimonies also had another facet to them as they were being arranged as a part of the Mongol empire's strategy to keep a closer eye on the Eastern section of the empire. So it becomes clear, that the Korya Royal family, even when its government was defeated and subjugated by the Mongol forces, managed to be considered as an 'In-Law' entity, because there was some mutual interest operating behind the scenes of the dynasties-between relationship.
As the previous studies have already confirmed, the Koryo government had to re-establish diplomatic relationships with the Mongol empire and also reinforce the ruling authority of the King which was recently threatened by the insurrection of Im Yeon. In the meantime, the Mongol empire needed to rule out any potential possibilities of an alliance between Koryo and the Southern Sung dynasty, and also had to secure Koryo's active participation in the upcoming invasion of the Japanese islands. The empire's need to stable the Esatern half of the territory, also worked into the matrimonial relationship.
Later, when the empire was showing symptoms of diversion and separation, the political and military importance of the 'In-Law' factions became much more significant as they were considered to be potential supporters of the imperial government. The patterns of matrimonial arrangements clearly show that when a marriage was being arranged with tribes of powerful forces, the Kha'an named his own children or the children of a very close relative of his to be on the other side of the marriage, undoubtedly trying to secure their future support in military terms. Koryo was also a similar case, especially considering the 3 Uluses of Chinggis Khan' brothers in the Eastern area of the Empire. These UIuses were equipped with powerful militaries, so they had been kept in check by the Ogedei Kha'an, but eventually played an important role in Qubilai Kha'an's enthronement. The forces under command of these Uluses were also mobilized in the Mongols' attack on the Koryo dynasty, so it was suggested that there was always a potential risk of their taking matters into their own hands and increasing their influences upon the Koryo region, ultimately becoming independent factions just like the Western Uluses. So the most logical choice for the Mongol government, was to establish a matrimonial relationship with the Koryo King, uplifting its political status in the process, and establish a status quo between Koryo and the 3 Uluses, in order to stabilize the potentially-expected power flux throughout the region.
Because of this matrimonial relationship between Koryo and the Mongol empire the political system of Koryo and the King's authority showed dual characteristics. What the Mongols wanted from Koryo was not some kind of an economical gain which would be secured by total subjugation, but stabilizing the country as a friendly power group to the central government, in order to eliminate any political alliances with other nearby factions, or unwanted expansions of rival forces throughout the empire. The geographical situation which made total subjugation or direct extraction of resources rather difficult, and the diplomatic efforts of the Koryo Royal family and vassals, also seem to have contributed to the Yuan's established policy. The level of political autonomy seems to have also been granted to the Uighurs, which had a similar matrimonial relationship to the Koryo's relationship with the Mongols. Yet the region was a focal point in the East-West traffic route and was also rich in natural resources, so as the empire continued to develop, Idiquts lost control over the Uighuristan region. We can see that the political status of the Koryo dynasty was not the only case inside the Mongol empire, and among reasons for the relationship being maintained a notable one was indeed geographical conditions.
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