중독이 성범죄 재범에 미치는 영향에 관한 탐색연구 = Explorative Study of Influencing Factors on Addiction to Recidivism in Sexual Offenders

국문 초록 (Abstract)

우리나라의 성범죄는 지속적으로 증가하고 있으나 성범죄자들은 사법제도에 따른 처벌을 마친 이후에는 대부분 재범예방을 위한 개입 없이 지역사회로 보내져왔다. 성범죄자에 관한 선행 연구들에서는 성범죄자들의 상당수가 성중독, 성적 충동성, 알코올 및 약물사용장애, 기분장애, 인격장애와 같은 정신의학적인 문제를 가지고 있다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 그러나 국내에서는 중독과 성범죄의 관계에 관한 연구가 미비하여 중독이 성범죄 재범에 미치는 영향에 대해 알 수 없었다. 따라서 본 연구는 성범죄로 국립법무병원에 정신감정 의뢰된 대상자들 중 자발적으로 연구 참여에 동의한 212명을 대상으로 2011년 6월에서 2013년 6월까지 자료를 수집하였다. 또한 본 연구자료는 국립법무병원 기관윤리위원회의 승인을 받았다. 그리고 연구대상자들의 중독 정도를 측정하기 위해서 알코올선별검사(AUDIT), 약물사용선별검사(B-DAST), 성중독 선별검사(SAST-R)를 사용하였다. 연구결과, 연구대상자 중 총 25.9%(55명)가 재범으로 나타났으며 중독요인들 중에서는 성중독이 성범죄 재범에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 실천적 함의를 제시하고, 연구의 제한점과 향후 연구 과제를 논의했다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The prevalence of Sexual Offenders in the Criminal Justice System has increased over the past several years and most sexual offender has returned to the community without any intervention to prevent recidivism. Many researches shown that a substantial proportion of sex offenders may have psychiatric problems, such as a Sexual compulsivity, Alcohol and Substance use disorders, Mood disorders and Personality disorders. However, There is no domestic empirical evidence that addiction is contribute to sexual offender recidivism. This study explores the role of addiction between sexual offender recidivism. The sample 212 sex offenders who were requested criminal psychiatric evaluation on National Forensic Hospital they were recruited using a convenient sampling method. Sexual Addiction, Alcohol Addiction and Drug Addiction were evaluated by SAST-R, AUDIT and B-DAST. Logistic regression analysis was employed to analyze data. The result show that 55 of 215 subjects(25.9%) has sexual recidivism and they were used violence when commits the sexual assault(33.3%). Offenders with a Sexual addiction were more likely to recidivism. Suggestion for future research and impli-cation for prevention and intervention efforts were also discussed.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 남영옥, "청소년의 인터넷 중독 및 사이버 성중독의 심리사회적 변인과 문제행동 연구" 한국사회복지학회 50 : 173-207, 2002
• 2 김성숙, "청소년의 사이버섹스 중독과 인터넷 중독 및 성태도의 관계" 한국상담학회 8 (8): 1137-1149, 2007
• 3 김민, "청소년들의 인터넷 중독과 사이버섹스 중독실태 연구" 한국청소년복지학회 5 (5): 53-83, 2003
• 4 천미경, "일부 지체장애인의 문제음주에 영향을 미치는 요인" 한국알코올과학회 13 (13): 31-44, 2012
• 5 이상준, "인터넷 섹스중독 청소년의 심리사회적 특성과 정신건강 연구" 한국사회복지학회 55 : 341-364, 2003
• 6 신원우, "음주동기 유형이 음주문제에 미치는 영향 - 지역사회 일반 성인을 중심으로 -" 한국사회복지연구회 (35) : 363-387, 2007
• 7 최영신, "수형자의 사회복귀와 처우연계" 형사정책연구원 61-131, 2007
• 8 조윤오, "성폭력범죄자에 대한 지역사회 교정 적용모델" 한국교정학회 47 : 87-117, 2010
• 9 서홍란, "성범죄자의 재범 위험 사정에 관한 비판적 고찰" 20 : 199-224, 2013
• 10 한국경제, "성범죄자 전자발찌 부착 소급적용 합헌"
• 11 이수정, "성범죄 재범율에 관한 바른 이해와 재범 방지 대안 모색" 한국사회및성격심리학회 19 (19): 83-99, 2005
• 12 법무부, "법무연감"
• 13 김민, "디지털 미디어 시대 청소년 사이버섹스 중독" 인문과학연구소 (29) : 283-326, 2011
• 14 윤예진, "대학생의 사이버섹스 중독과 관련요인에 대한 연구" 한동대학교 상담대학원 2008
• 15 동아일보, "나주 초등학생 성폭행범 구속"
• 16 송원영, "가족응집력이 성범죄 청소년의 성중독에 미치는 영향: 외로움의 매개효과" 한국건강심리학회 17 (17): 217-227, 2012
• 17 Hanson, R. K., "Where should we intervene? Dynamic predictors of sexual offense recidivism" 27 : 6-35, 2000
• 18 Tays, T. M., "Treating sex offenders using the sex addiction model" 6 : 281-288, 1999
• 19 Ward, T., "The treatment of sex offenders: Risk management and good lives" 34 : 353-336, 2003
• 20 Abbey, A., "The relationship between the quantity of alcohol consumed and the severity of sexual assaults committed by college men" 18 : 813-833, 2003
• 21 Broadhurst, R. G., "The recidivism of sex offender in the Western Australian prison population" 32 : 54-77, 1992
• 22 Fischer, J., "The re-employment of the sexual addict/offender program: An evaluation" 27 : 33-36, 1996
• 23 Willis, G. M., "The quality of community reintegration planing for child molesters: Effects on sexual recidivism" 20 : 218-240, 2008
• 24 Marshall, L. E., "The prevalence of sexual addiction in incarcerated sexual offenders and matched community nonoffenders" 15 : 271-283, 2008
• 25 Barth, R. J., "The mislabeling of sexual impulsivity" 13 : 15-23, 1987
• 26 Testa., M., "The impact of men’s alcohol consumption on perpetration of sexual aggression" 22 : 1239-1263, 2002
• 27 Ward, T., "The good lives model of offender rehabilitation: Clinical implications" 12 : 87-107, 2007
• 28 Skinner, H. A., "The drug abuse screening test" 17 : 363-371, 1982
• 29 Knight, R. A., "The development antecedents of sexual coercion againsts women: Testing alternative hypotheses with structural equation modeling" 989 : 72-85, 2003
• 30 Carnes, P, "The Same Yet Different: Refocusing the Sexual Addiction Screening Test(SAST) to Reflect Orientation and Gender" 17 : 7-30, 2010
• 31 Hanson, R.K., "The Accuracy of Recidivism Risk Assessments for Sexual Offenders: A meta-analysis" Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada 2007
• 32 Fleur L. K., "Substance misuse and Substance use disorders in sex offenders: A Review" 31 : 478-489, 2011
• 33 Proulx, J., "Static and dynamic risk predictors of recidivism in sexual offenders" 9 : 7-27, 1997
• 34 Hanson, R. K., "Sexual offender recidivism risk: What we know and what we need to know" 989 : 154-166, 2003
• 35 Coleman, E., "Sexual compulsivity: Definition, etiology, and treatment considerations" 1 : 189-204, 1987
• 36 Manley, G., "Sexual behavior disorders: Proposed new classification in the DSM-Ⅴ" 8 : 253-265, 2001
• 37 Carnes, P., "Sexual addiction: Progress, criticism, and challenges" 141 : 378-379, 1990
• 38 Dhawan, S., "Sexual abuse histories of sexual offenders" 8 : 7-16, 1996
• 39 Fazel, S., "Sexual Offending in Women and Psychiatric Disorder: A National Case-Control Study" 39 : 161-167, 2010
• 40 Goodman, M. D., "Sexual Addiction: Terminology and theory" 15 : 22-26, 1998
• 41 Marshall, L. E., "Sexual Addiction in Incarcerated Sexual Offenders" 13 : 377-390, 2006
• 42 Craig, L. A., "Risk scales and factors predictive of sexual offence recidivism Trauma" 4 : 45-68, 2003
• 43 Långström, N., "Risk for criminal recidivism among young sex offenders" 15 : 855-871, 2000
• 44 Prentky, R. A., "Risk factors associated with recidivism among extrafamilial child molesters" 65 : 141-149, 1997
• 45 Kosson, D. S., "Psychopathy-related traits predict self-reported sexual aggression among college men" 12 : 241-254, 1997
• 46 Serin, R. C., "Psychopathy, deviant sexual arousal, and recidivism among sexual offenders" 16 : 234-246, 2001
• 47 Brown, S. L., "Psychopathy and sexual assault: Static risk factors, emotional precursors, and rapist subtypes" 65 : 848-857, 1997
• 48 Cocco, K., "Psychometric properties of the Drug Abuse Screening Test in psychiatric outpatients" 10 : 408-414, 1998
• 49 Dunsieth, N. W., "Psychiatric and legal features of 113 men convicted of sexual offenses" 65 : 293-300, 2004
• 50 Hanson, R. K., "Predictors of sexual recidivism: An updated meta-analysis"
• 51 Browne, K. D., "Predicting treatment dropout in sex offenders" 7 : 402-419, 1998
• 52 Hanson, R. K., "Predicting relapse: A meta-analysis of sexual offender recidivism studies" 66 : 348-362, 1998
• 53 Leue, A., "Mental disorders in a forensic sample of sexual offenders" 19 : 123-130, 2004
• 54 Seto, M. C., "In Handbook of Antisocial Behavior" Wiley 524-533, 1997
• 55 Ward, T., "Good lives, aetiology and the rehabilitation of sex offenders: A bridging theory" 10 : 153-169, 2004
• 56 Lindren, K. P., "Gender differences in perceptions of sexual intent: A qualitative review and integration" 32 : 423-439, 2008
• 57 Hanson, R. K., "Dynamic predictors of Sexual Recidivism" Department of the Solicitor General Canada 1998
• 58 Abbey, A., "Drug and Alcohol Abuse Reviews Volume 5 Addictive Behaviors in Women" Humana Press 97-124, 1994
• 59 Carnes, P., "Don’t Call It Love" Bantam 1991
• 60 Blanchard, G., "Differential diagnosis of sexual offenders: Distinguishing characteristics of the sex addict" 2 : 45-47, 1990
• 61 Barbaree, H. E., "Denial and minimization among sex offenders: Assessment and treatment outcome" 3 : 300-333, 1991
• 62 Carnes, P., "Contrary to Love : Helping the Sexual Addict" Minneapolis 1989
• 63 Carwyn, D. S., "Beyond static and dynamic risk factors: The incremental validity of release planning for predicting sex offender recidivism" 27 : 222-238, 2012
• 64 Babor, T. F., "Audit-The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test: Guidelines for Use in Primary Health Care" World Health Organization
• 65 Abbey, A., "Alcohol’s role in sexual violence perpetration: Theoretical explanations, existing evidence and future directions" 30 : 481-489, 2011
• 66 Abbey, A., "Alcohol-related sexual assault: A common problem among college student" 14 : 118-128, 2002
• 67 Danilo, A. B., "Alcohol and drug consumption among sexual offenders" 175 (175): 31-35, 2008
• 68 Looman, J., "Alcohol and drug abuse among sexual and nonsexual offenders: Relationship to intimacy deficits and coping strategy" 16 : 177-189, 2004
• 69 Worling, J., "Adolescent sexual offender recidivism: Success of specialized treatment and implications for risk prediction" 24 : 965-982, 2000
• 70 Kubik, E. K., "Adolescent females who have sexually offended: Comparisons with delinquent adolescent female offenders and adolescent males who have sexually offended" 11 : 63-83, 2002
• 71 Abbey, A., "Acquaintance rape and alcohol consumption on college campuses: How are they linked?" 39 : 165-169, 1991
• 72 Knight, R. A., "A system for the classification of child molesters: Reliability and application" 4 : 3-23, 1989
• 73 Parrott, D. J., "A further examination of the relationship between trait anger and alcohol related aggression: The role of anger control" 28 : 855-894, 2004
• 74 Rice, M. E., "A follow-up of rapists assessed in a maximum security psychiatric facility" 5 : 435-448, 1990
• 75 Hanson, R. K., "A comparison of child molesters and non-sexual criminals: Risk predictors and long-term recidivism" 32 : 325-337, 1995
• 76 대검찰청, "2011년도 범죄분석"