존 그린리프 위티어의 초기 반노예제 시 = John Greenleaf Whittier’s Early Anti-slavery Poems

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article is an attempt to analyze John Greenleaf Whittier’s anti-slavery poems. As a quaker, he criticizes and satirizes the rife slavery in the nineteenth century America. Whittier was engaged with the political discourses regarding the anti-slavery in America. His thoughts are based on his religious belief. Stanzas for the Times was written against the pro-slavery meeting held at Faneuil Hall in Boston in 1835. In the poem, the speaker raises a question to the absurdity of the American society in which slaves are relentlessly exploited. The Hunters of Men was written as an opposition to the insistence of American Colonization Society that slaves be sent back to Africa. He satirizes a wide range of Americans who merrily hunt slaves. The Slave-Ships describes a historical tragedy that occurred on a slave-ship. Dozens of slaves who got blind during the voyage were thrown into the sea. It problematizes the dehumanization of slaves. Whittier’s efforts greatly contributed to the abolitionist literature.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문의 목적은 존 그린리프 위티어의 반노예제 시를 분석하는 것이다. 퀘이커교도로서, 그는 투철한 종교적 신념을 가지고 19세기 미국의 노예제를 조소적으로 비판한다. 위티어는 미국의 반노예제에 관한 정치적 담론에 관여하고 있었다. 1835년 보스턴 패뉘일 홀에 열린 노예제를 찬성하는 회의에 반발하여 「시대를 위한 시」가 창작되었다. 시에서 화자는 노예들이 착취당하는 미국 사회에 대해 의문을 제기한다. 미국식민협회 연설자들의 노예들을 아프리카로 귀환시키라는 주장에 대한 반발로 작시된 「인간 사냥꾼들」에서 시인은 노예 사냥꾼들을 풍자한다. 정치인은 물론이고 성직자마저도 즐겁게 노예를 사냥한다고 묘사된다. 역사적 사실을 배경으로 하는 「노예선들」은 노예선 항해 중에 눈이 먼 노예들이 비인간적으로 취급받고 바다로 버려지는 상황을 묘사한다. 위티어의 노력은 노예해방 문학에 기여한 바가 크다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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