허목(許穆)의 고문인식(古文認識)과 「동해송(東海頌)」의 의미 = Recognition of ancient literature by Huh Mok and the meaning of Donghaesong

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Huh Mok got interested in the Yukgyeong(六經, Six Classics) in 17th century of Joseon period when the Lihak (理學) was considered to be the best study, thus making his study on the Confucianism deeper. Based on his deep understanding of Yukgyeong, he criticized the literature after the period of Emperor Shun(舜) and Emperor Woo(禹) but praised the literatures during Shang(商) Dynasty and Zhu(周) Dynasty as being wide and strict. He considered that the literature of the ancient scholars collapsed immediately after Confucius disappeared though Zayou(子游) and Zaha(子夏) enhanced the level of the literature when they were the students of Confucius.
Huh Mok also said that the valuable literatures had disappeared in Qin(秦) Dynasty after the Burning of Books. He thought that the ancient literatures got changed and confused after the periods of Qin Dynasty and Han(漢) Dynasty and then it changed to be weird thing which in turn changed to the horrible thing. Based on his perception of the an- cient literature like this, he has left the book Gieon(記言, 93 volumes) which are the unique collection of essays in which he freely exercised the ancient literatures which, in his words, were 'confusing and hard to read'.
On the other hand, Huh Mok had studied several calligraphies on the ancient writing system of Changhil(蒼頡) and Shazu(史籒). He said that during Qin Dynasty, Lisa(李斯) created the small seal script and Cheng Mak(程邈) created the clerical script and that as soon as the clerical script was created, the ancient writing system disappeared. Accordingly, Huh Mok wrote the essay with the ancient writing system created before Jin and Han Dynasties and was good at writing the ancient writing system before Cheng Mak.
Huh Mok's representative ancient literature Donghaesong(東海頌) has broadened the h orizon t oward the w orld i ncludi ng the tribes living Southeast Asia. Donghaesong says that the East Sea is the first among many seas and that there are a lot of unique things, many countries and tribes in the middle of it. It said in the last part that in the period of an cientsaints, theright ways w ere widely spread that any far-away country can enter into the same area for the education. Through this writing, Huh Mok praised the greatness of East Sea but lamented the degradation of the regional customs.
Huh Mok created the imperishable work with ancient work on the ancient literature called Donghaesong and erected a tombstone carved with this writing. His work on ancient work and ancient writing opened a door to new study and arts called Yukgyeonggomun(Ancient Literature based on Six Classics) in the late Joseon period when the Lihak was prevalent. In Donghaesong, he craved for the right ruling as shown in three Chinese dynasties such as Ha(夏), Shang and Zhu. Especi ally, to rescue the people from disaster, he blew the artistic passion of his own into the ancient letters. Especially, with his writing being called as looking like the thousands year old wistaria vine, he opened the new horizon to the artistic world in the late Joseon period and was highly praised by the Namin(南人) and Soron(少論) scholars. His ancient letters had encouraged new literary movement in the study in the late Joseon period and widen the horizon for the view toward the new worlds when the Korean people called for the invasion to Qing or the northern territory.