주요 건축 내장재의 연소가스 유해성 평가 = Hazard Assessment of Combustion Gases from Interior Materials

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Toxic gases from five types of interior building materials were investigated according to Naval Engineering Standard(NES) 713. The materials were plywood, indoor wall coverings (wood wall plate members and pine wood), reinforced Styrofoaminsulation, laminate flooring, and PVC. Specimens were measured using an NES 713 toxicity test apparatus to analyzethe hazardous substances in combustion gas from the materials. We used the US Department of Defense standard (MIL-DTL,Military Standard) to calculate the toxicity index of the combustion gas. Emissions of CO2 from all specimens did not exceedthe NES 713 limit of 100,000 ppm. The amount of CO gas emissions from reinforced Styrofoam insulation was 6,098 ppm.
25 ppm and 49 ppm of formaldehyde were released from the reinforced Styrofoam insulation and PVC flooring, respectively.
These values were less than the limit of 400 ppm. The highest emissions were from NOX emitted by plywood andwere above the limit of 250 ppm. The toxicity index of the specimens were calculated as 5.19 for plywood, 4.13 for PVCflooring, 2.35 for reinforced Styrofoam insulation, 2.34 for laminate flooring, and 1.22 for indoor wall coverings (pinewood). Our research helps us to understand the properties of these five interior materials by analyzing the combustion gasand explaining the toxicity of constituents and the toxicity index. Also, it would be useful for giving fundamentals to guidethe safe use of interior materials for applications.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 건물 실내에서 주로 사용되고 있는 합판, 실내 마감용 목재(루바; 소나무), 압축 스티로폼 단열재, 강화마루 및 PVC 장판 5 종류의 연소가스 유해성을 분석하였다. 연소가스의 유해성 분석은 Naval Engineering Standard(NES) 713 규격 및 미국국방성 규격(MIL-DTL)을 적용하였다. CO2의 방출량은 5종의 내장재 모두 NES 713 규격 한계치인 100,000 ppm을 초과하지 않았다. CO 방출량의 경우 압축 스티로폼 단열재가 6,098 ppm으로 규격 한계치인4,000 ppm을 초과하는 값을 나타내었다. 포름알데히드는 PVC 장판과 압축 스티로폼 단열재에서 각각 25 ppm, 49 ppm방출되었다. NOX는 합판에서 955 ppm으로 가장 높은 양이 방출되었으며, 규정 한계치 250 ppm에 비하여 높은 값으로나타났다. 독성 지수는 합판 5.19, PVC 장판 4.13, 압축 스티로폼 단열재가 2.35, 강화마루 2.34, 그리고 실내 마감용목재 1.22로 산출되었다. 본 연구에서는 화재 시 발생되는 연소가스 측정 및 유해가스 농도를 확인하여, 향후 건축 내장재의 화재 안전성을 평가하기 위한 기초 데이터로 활용하고자 한다.

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