복지국가의 활성화와 사회적 시민권의 재구성 : 사회부조 개혁을 중심으로

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구는 사회적 시민권 측면에서 활성화(activation)가 복지국가의 변화에 어떠한 의미를 지니는지 사회부조 개혁을 중심으로 고찰하였다. 선행연구에서 활성화는 무직자 및 비고용인구의 노동시장 참여를 진작하기 위한 정책 개혁을 지칭하는데, 이에 대한 대책은 자활의무 부과 확대 및 제재조치의 강화, 복지삭감 등 엄벌적 수단을 포함한다. 또한 사회부조 수급권에서 돌봄, 장애, 직업훈련, 조기은퇴 등의 사유로 자활의무를 면제하였던 전통적 조치의 축소도 비고용인구의 경제적 자활과 탈수급을 강제하기 위한 ‘활성화’ 대책으로 언급된다. 사회적 시민권 측면에서 이런 정책 패키지는 전통적 복지국가의 변화를 초래하므로, 복지국가와 시민간의 관계, 즉 복지국가에 대한 시민권자의 지위 변화를 수반한다고 이해할 수 있다. 이를 규명하고자 본 연구는 우선 사회적 시민권 측면에서 ‘고용’ 조건적인 소득비례형 사회보험과 구별되는, 최저소득보장을 위한 사회부조의 보편성에 대해 살펴보았다. 그리고 이를 기반으로 활성화와 사회부조 개혁에 대한 다양한 문헌 고찰을 실시하였다. 이를 종합하여 본 연구는 활성화에 입각한 사회부조의 개혁은 복지국가의 성격 변화를 함축한다고 보았다. 여기서 복지국가의 성격변화는 사회보호와 탈상품화에 주안점을 두었던 전통적 복지국가가 복지축소, 재상품화 등을 통해서 질적으로 전환하는 과정으로 이해할 수 있다. 사회부조 개혁을 통한 이 같은 복지국가의 성격 변화는 복지청구권이 유급노동, 즉 노동시장 참여로 조건화되는 경향성을 비추고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 활성화에 입각한 사회부조 개혁은 ‘유급노동’이 국가복지를 청구할 수 있는 유일한 시민권자의 자격으로 규정되는 사회적 시민권의 재구성을 보여준다는 점을 확인하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study has investigated activation and social assistance reforms to explore transforming welfare states through ‘social citizenship’ concept. The ‘activation’ refers to policy packages that aim at social inclusion through labor market participation of the jobless and non-employed groups, including severe elements such as reinforcing work-related requirements, strengthening sanctions and benefit cuts. In terms of social citizenship these policy packages, transforming traditional welfare state, can be understood as changing the relationship between the welfare state and citizen, i.e., reshaping citizenship’s status for the welfare state. To identify this we examined the universality of social assistance for guaranteeing minimum income protection, which is distinguished from ‘employment’ conditional earnings-related social insurance, especially in terms of social citizenship. And, based on this, various literature on ‘activation’ and ‘social assistance reforms’ was reviewed. It was found that activation implies the welfare state transformation through welfare retrenchment and recommodification reflecting the tendency of welfare entitlement being more and more conditioned by paid work, that is, labor market participation. Therefore, this study confirmed that activation of social assistance is accompanied with reshaping social citizenship which is entitled to state benefits not by ‘residence’ and ‘needs’ any more, but solely by ‘paid work’.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 국문초록
• Ⅰ. 들어가며
• II. 사회적 시민권과 사회부조
• III. 활성화와 사회부조 개혁
• IV. 활성화와 사회적 시민권의 재구성
• V. 논의
• 참고문헌
• Abstract

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